Anatomy Overview 2 Flashcards
What is 1?
Right hypochondrium
What is 2?
Epigastrium
What is 3?
Left hypochondrium
What is 4?
Right lumbar
What is 5?
Periumbilical
What is 6?
Left lumbar
What is 7?
Right iliac fossa
What is 8?
Hypogastrium
What is 9?
Left lumbar
In this picture, what are the vertical and horizontal lines?
Vertical are midclavicular lines
Horizontal lines are subcostal plane (superior) and transpyloric plane (inferior)
What are some examples of foregut diseases?
Peptic ulcer
Gastric disease
Bilary disease
Pancreatic disease
Hepatic disease
What are some examples of midgut diseases?
Appendicitis
Small bowel obstruction
‘Proximal’ colon cancer
What are some examples of hindgut diseases?
Large bowel obstruction
Diverticular disease
Carcinoma of colon
Why do we divide the abdomen into 9 areas?
To localise pain to understand what disease/pathology is causing it
How long is the oesophagus?
25cm
How many constrictions does the oesophagus have?
3
What are the 3 constrictions of the oesophagus?
Cervical (pharyngo-oesophageal)
Thoracic (broncho-aortic) cross by arch of aorta and left main bronchus
Diaphragmatic where is passes through the oesophageal hiatus
How far is the cervical constriction of the oesophagus from the incisor teeth?
15cm
How far is the thoracic constriction of the oesophagus from the incisor teeth?
22.5cm and 27.5cm
How far is the diaphragmatic constriction of the oesophagus from the incisor teeth?
40cm
Why is awareness of the 3 oesophagus constrictions important?
For passing instruments through the oesophagus into the stomach
What are the different parts of the stomach?
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric
What are the 2 curvatures of the stomach?
Greater curvature
Lesser curvature
What is the purpose of the pyloric sphincter?
Control discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum
What is the stomach bed formed by?
Diaphragm, spleen, left kidney, adrenal gland, splenic artery, pancreas, transverse mesocolon and colon
What are some examples of clinical stomach issues?
Congenital pyloric stenosis
Carcinoma of the stomach
Gastric ulcers and vagotomy
What is congenital pyloric stenosis?
Thickening of the smooth muscle in the pyloris
Where does the liver lie relative to the ribs?
Deep to ribs 7 to 11 on the right side
What is the portal triad?
Distinctive component of a hepatic lobule found rubbing along each of the lobules corners that consists of branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and bile ducts
What is the portal triad formed from?
Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
Bile ducts
What do bilary ducts carry?
Bile from the liver to the gallbladder
Where is bile produced?
Liver
Where is bile stored?
Stored and concentrated in the gallbladder
What is the artery of the gallbladder?
Cystic artery
Where does the cystic artery lie?
In the triangle of calot
What is the pancreas?
Accessory digestive gland
What kind of gland is the pancreas?
Both exocrine and endocrine
What does the exocrine pancreas produce?
Pancreatic juice
What does the endocrine pancreas produce?
Insulin and glucagon
What are the different parts of the pancreas?
Head
Neck
Body
Tail
Where is the portal vein formed relative to the pancreas?
Behind the neck of the pancreas
What is the spleen?
Mobile haemo-lymphoid organ located in the left hypochondrium
What is the spleen covered by?
Completely covered by peritoneum except for the hilium