Hepato-Biliary Surgery Flashcards
What are the functions of the gallbladder?
Bile reservoir
Concentrates bile
Secretes after meal (CKK)
What can be said about the anatomy of the gallbladder from person to person?
Anatomical variations exist
What can be said about the anatomy of the blood supply to the gallbladder?
Anatomical variations exist
What are some examples of conditions of the gallbladder?
Gallstone disease
Cholesterosis
Gallbladder
What is the procedure where the gallbladder is removed called?
Cholecystectomies
What is the composition of gallstones?
Mixed (>50% cholesterol), 80%
Cholesterol 10%
Pigment 10%
What are risk factors for gallstones?
Age
Gender
Parity + oral contraceptives (OCP)
Cholesterol
Pigment (haemolytic anaemia, bile infection)
What are risk factors for high cholesterol?
Obesity
Ileal disease
Cirrhosis
Cystic fibrosis
DM
TPN
Heart transplant
What is the presentation of gallstones?
Asymptomatic
Dyspeptic symptoms
Biliary colic
Acute cholecystitis
Empyema
Perforation
Jaundice
Gallstone ileus
What is inflammation of the gallbladder?
Cholecystitis
What is the presence of a small gallstone in the comment bile duct?
Choledocholthiasis
What is the presentation of choledocholithiasis?
Post-cholecystectomy pain
Obstructive jaundice (painful)
Dark urine
Pale stool
Steatorrhoea
What investigations are done for gallstones?
Blood tests (LFTs, amylase, lipase, WCC)
USS
EUS
Oral cholecystography
CT scan
What are the two broad categories of gallstone management?
Non-operative treatment
Operative treatment
What is the non-operative management for gallstones?
Dissolution
Lithotripsy
What is a treatment that uses shock waves to treat gallstones?
Lithotripsy
What is the operative management of gallstones?
Open cholecystectomy
Mini-cholecystectomy
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Singl eport cholecystectomy
Cholecystectomy
Subtotal cholecystectomy
What does CBD stand for?
Common bile duct
What does the management of common bile duct stones involve?
Expectant treatment (incidental)
Lap trans-cystic, lap or open exploration of CBD
ERCP
Transhepatic stone retrieval
What procedure allows examination of the CBD or pancreatic duct using an endoscopy through the mouth?
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
What are benign biliary tract diseases?
Diseases that affect the bile ducts, gallbladder and other structures involved in the production and transportation of bile
What are examples of benign biliary tract diseases?
Biliary atresia
Choledochal cysts