Liver Symposium Flashcards
What are some examples of major liver diseases?
Alcohol related liver disease
Viral hepatitis
Non-alcohol fatty liver disease
Autoimmune liver diseases
What are the 5 main groups of viruses that cause viral hepatitis?
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis E
Which of the hepatitis viruses are enteric viruses?
A and E
What are enteric viruses?
Ones transmitted by the faecal-oral route
What hepatitis viruses are parenteral?
Hepatitis B, C and D
What does parenteral mean?
Administered elsewhere than the mouth and alimentary canal
What hepatitis viruses cause self-limiting infections?
A and E
What hepatitis viruses cause chronic infections?
B, C and D
What does transmission of hepatitis A occur by?
Faecal-oral route
Sexual
Blood
What is the most common age group infected with hepatitis A?
5 to 14 years
Is the prevalence of hepatitis A increasing or decreasing worldwide?
Decreasing
What is acute disease caused by hepatitis A diagnosed by?
IgM antibodies
Who are vacines for hepatitis A given to?
Travellers
Patients with chronic liver disease
Haemophiliacs
Occupational exposure (lab workers)
Men who have sex with men
What are examples of hepatitis B antigens?
Hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg)
Hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg)
Hepatitis core antigen (HBcAg)
HBV DNA
What does hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) indicated?
Presence of hep B virus
What does hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg) indicate?
Active replication
What does hepatitis core antigen (HBcAg) indicate?
Active replication
What does HBV DNA indicate?
Active replication
What are examples of HBV antibodies?
Anti-HBs
IgM anti-HBc
IgG anti-HBc
Anti-HBe
What does anti-HBs antibody indicate?
Protection
What does IgM anti-HBc indicate?
Acute infection
What does IgG anti-HBc indicate?
Chronic infection/exposure
What does anti-HBe indicate?
Inactive virus
What can hepatitis B infections possible lead to?
Resolution (no further progress) or cirrhosis
What are treatment options for hepatitis B infections?
Pegylated interferon
Oral antiviral drugs
What oral therapies are available for hepatitis B infections?
Lamivudine
Adefovir
Entecavir
Telbivudine
Tenofovir
What can be said about hepatitis C and symptoms?
Is usually asymptomatic
What are LFTs like with hep C infection?
Can be normal
What is the treatment for hepatitis C infection?
IFN-free combination of direct acting antiviral drugs
What kind of virus is hepatits D?
Small RNA virus
What are consequences of hepatitis D being a small RNA virus?
Does not code for its own protein coat
Enveloped by HBsAg
What can you also be infected with as well as hepatitis D for it to become a superinfection?
HBV
What is the transmission of hepatitis D?
The same as hepatitis B
What can be said about how easy treatment of hepatitis D is?
It is very resistent to treatment
What problems can hepatitis E cause?
Self limiting, no long term problems
What treatments/vaccines are available for hepatitis E?
No specific treatments
No effective vaccine currently available