The Mexican Revolution

Question 1

Firsts

Answer 1

First great political and social revolution during the 20th century.

Question 2

Porfirio Diaz

Answer 2

Emphasized economic growth but relied heavily on foreign investment.

Question 3

Continuismo

Answer 3

Modification of constitutional arrangements to allow Diaz to continue in office.

Question 4

Partido Liberal Mexiccano (PLM)

Answer 4

Formed in 1906 by liberals seeking free elections and a constitution that worked. Disliked Diaz.

Question 5

Francisco Madero

Answer 5

Known as the ‘Apostle of Democracy’. Challenged Continuismo with his book, The Presidential succession of 1910. Ran against Diaz in the 1910 elections. Arrested on election night and thrown in jail. President in 1911 after defeat of Diaz.

Question 6

Challenges to Diaz Regime

Answer 6

Regime relied too heavily on foreign investment so much so that foreigners owned 1/3 of the land in Mexico. Nationalism against foreign interests.

Question 7

Plan of San Luis Potosi

Answer 7

Madero’s document he wrote in prison. Promised democracy and federalism but also mentioned the right of workers to bargain collectively and agrarian reform.

Question 8

Anarcho-Syndicalism

Answer 8

Radical movement emphasizing the power and influence of trade unions and a kind of agrarian populism among the peasants.

Question 9

Books of the Revolution

Answer 9

The Presidential Succession of 1910 by Francisco Madero, The Underdogs by Luis Cervantes

Question 10

Emiliano Zepata

Answer 10

Leader of peasants during revolution. Based in Morelos. Assassinated in April 1919 by Carranza’s forces.

Question 11

Plan of Ayala

Answer 11

Zapata’s plan. Advanced for radical land reform. Democracy and collectives for workers.

Question 12

Pascual Orozco

Answer 12

Leader of cowboys, indians, miners, lumberjacks, and farmers in Northern Chihuahua against Madero. Plan Orozquista.

Question 13

Victoriano Huerta

Answer 13

Commander of federal troops while seizing fortress in Mexico City from Felix Diaz. Pacto de la Embajada with US ambassador Henry Lane Wilson. Gained backing of Orozco

Question 14

Pacto de la Embajada

Answer 14

Plan to remove Madero from power and insert Felix Diaz. Huerta becomes president instead of Diaz.

Question 15

Pancho Villa

Answer 15

Served in 1910-11 under Orozco. Formed Division del Norte, most powerful fighting force in revolution, from the men under Orozco. Wants redistribution of wealth.

Question 16

Governor Carranza

Answer 16

Elite against Huerta’s government. Backed by US after invasion of Veracruz. Became president but was later outed after the assassination of Zapata by Obragon.

Question 17

Plan of Gaualupe

Answer 17

Plan of 1913 by Carranza. Discussed all politics.

Question 18

Alvaro Obragon Salido

Answer 18

Right hand man of Carranza. Wanted to liberalize politics as well as agrarian and agricultural reform. Ousted Carranza from power after assassination of Zapata by Carranza in 1919.

Question 19

Meeting at Queretaro

Answer 19

Meeting in 1916. Produced constitution of 1917.

Question 20

Constitution of 1917

Answer 20

Called for separation of church and state, right to education through public schools, regulation of working conditions, and the right of workers of unions to strike. Empowered government to redistribute land.

Question 21

Plutarco Elias Calles

Answer 21

Winner of the election of 1923. Ran Soviet Mexico (in the US’ eyes).

Question 22

National Revolutionary Party (PNR)

Answer 22

Callistas and Obragonistas federation of the state and regional revolutionary parties

Question 23

Lazaro Cardenas

Answer 23

Became president of Mexico in 1934. Began Stalinist reforms in Mexico during this time.