The English Revolution

Question 1

Regicide

Answer 1

First modern revolution to put a king on trial and then execute him

Question 2

Structural Causes

Answer 2

Rapid population growth

Question 3

Books From Revolution

Answer 3

John Milton’s Areopagitica (defense of free speech), Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan (defense of absolutism), and John Locke’s 2 Treatises of Government (defense of natural rights)

Question 4

Civil War

Answer 4

1642-1648

Question 5

Glorious Revolution

Answer 5

1688-1689

Question 6

Charles I

Answer 6

Personalist ruler, dismissed parliament in 1638, expanded taxation, harsh rule in Ireland, repressed English Puritans, tried to impose Anglican practices on Scotland

Lead royalists in Civil War, was tried and executed in 1649

Question 7

Charles II

Answer 7

Son of Charles I, brother of James II, became King of England in 1660 after Cromwell died, died in 1685 w/o children

Question 8

James II

Answer 8

Charles II’s brother, Catholic, wanted to restore Catholicism to England,

Question 9

William of Orange

Answer 9

Protestant ruler of Holland (the Netherlands), invaded England in 1689 with the help of English Protestants, made king in 1689 alongside his wife Mary

Question 10

Mary

Answer 10

Daughter of James II, wife of William of Orange, became Queen of England in 1689 when her husband invaded England

Question 11

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 11

Old Ironsides, led parliamentary forces to victory in English Civil War, became Lord Protector of the British Commonwealth in 1649, abolished House of Lords and the monarchy and established the Calvinist Church, died in 1658

Question 12

Toleration Act

Answer 12

Passed in 1689, expanded religious freedom, allowed Anglicans only to hold government offices and university positions, ended discord between Anglicans and all other Protestant groups, all protestant sects who worship holy 3 the right to worship w/o penalty (Baptists, Presbyterians, Quakers, and Independents)

Question 13

English Bill of Rights

Answer 13

Passed in 1689, parliament sets rules for succession, limits of crown in domestic affairs, prohibit taxation w/o parliamentary consent, no standing army w/o parliament, rights of Protestants to hold arms, freedom of speech in parliament, free and regular elections, ban on excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment

Question 14

Baptists

Answer 14

Come from Anabaptists, want baptism when people get older (like Jesus), every church should be different, small farmers and artisans, despised church taxes and university learning, supported New Model Army, think world is going to end (millennials), wanted religious toleration, Thomas Cambe (d 1686) and William Kiffin (1616-1671)

Question 15

Levelers

Answer 15

After English Civil War, religious freedom and social and economic reforms, removal of tithes and taxes (like 5th monarchists), govt accountable for its actions, against authority (anarchists), tried to infiltrate New Model army and led a mutiny in 1647 that was crushed

Question 16

Diggers

Answer 16

Gerard Winstanley as leader, all freedom depends on economic freedom, freedom from want, socialism and security, want no private property (proto-communists), don’t need government (proto-anarchists)

Question 17

Ranters

Answer 17

Anarchist cells, never organized, no writings, millennial belief that world is going to end and prepared by getting rid of authority, wanted no private property, free love advocates, god is inside humans, govt doesn’t care

Question 18

Fifth Monarchists

Answer 18

Wanted to start the kingdom of Christ, 5th beasts, abolition of taxes and tithes (like levelers), need some way to help the poor

Question 19

Quakers

Answer 19

Founded in 1652-53, 40k members by 1660, small farmers and artisans, inner light, good life on earth = good life in next one, society of friends, pacifistic in 1660