The Cuban Revoltuion Flashcards
Reason For Revolution
Overthrow Baista and stop exploitation of Cuban people by foreign interests.
Successes Of The Revolution
Educational opportunities and medical benefits.
Helms-Burton Act
Passed in 1996 by US. Intended to discourage foreign companies from doing business with Cuba.
Jose Marti
Wrote pro-independence literature and was jailed for it. Later exiled to Spain. Returned to Cuba in 1878 and expelled again. Wrote for New York Sun in New York City, USA. First passion was to liberate Cuba. Killed in 1895 after returning to Cuba,
Teller Amendment
Asserted that US would not annex Cuba.
Platt Amendment
Says hat US can intervene to preserve Cuban independence and to maintain a government that can protect life, liberty, and individual property. Also states that Cuba needs to go through US to do any outside business and that US has right to naval bases on Cuba.
Gerardo Machado
Liberal party candidate and popular veteran of war of independence. Elected president in 1924 saying he would end Platt amendment and fight corruption. He didn’t do this. Supported US interests. Forced to step down by FDR administration in 1933.
Carlos Manuel de Cespedes
Succeeded Machado. Overthrown by Sergeant’s Coup led by Fulgencio Batista.
Fulgencio Batista
Led Sergeant’s Coup of 1933. Started authoritarian regime in 1952. Fled Cuba on New Year’s Day 1959.
Ramon Grau San Martin
Led government established by Batista at the beginning. Extremely anti-communist. Roosevelt’s administration doesn’t support his government. Forced to step down by Batista.
Authentico Party
Wanted people to be authentic and an authentic revolution to the hopes of Jose Marti
Orthodoxo Party
Founded by Eduardo Chibas in 1947. Honor against money. Fidel Castro’s party.
Fidel Castro
Born in 1926 in Biran, Eastern Cuba. Cared about fellow classmates and didn’t want them to be poor. Joined Orthodoxo Party at Havana University. Ran for congress in 1952.
Cuban Communist Party
Julio Antonio Mella as first leader. Founded in 1925. Lazaro Pena, most powerful labor leader in Cuba’s history as member.
Moncada
26 July 1953. The Castro brothers lead an attack on the Moncada army barracks in Santiago. Failed miserably. (Sarria)
Trial of Castro
Fidel brought to trail for part in Moncada. Defends himself and calls out Batista government. Ends defense with “history will absolve me.”
M-26-7
Castro brothers released from prison after a year and 7 months, flee to Mexico. Form M-26-7 when they get to Mexico and it includes everyone. Traveled to US and raised money from anti-Batista Cubans for weapons and yacht named Granma.
Ernesto “Che” Guevara
Argentinian physician. Met Castro brothers in Mexico. Saw Guatemala toppled for the United Fruit Company in 1954 and the overthrow of democratically elected president Guzman by the US.
Sierra Maestra
Cuban exiles return from Mexico on 02 December 1956. Found by Batista military and forced to flee into Sierra Maestra mountain range.
Castro And The New York Times
When he returned to Cuba, Batista said Fidel had been killed. Herbert Matthews of the NYT interviewed him in 1957. Claimed rebels wanted friendship with US.
Revolutionary Directorate (DR)
Urban-based revolutionaries who were anti-communist. Not part of M-26-7. Members were university students and middle class citizens.
Santa Clara
Che and Camilo Cienfuegos attack Santa Clara with 230 people and army retreats.
Santiago
Castro negotiated for the garrison of Santiago to surrender and they did on 31 December 1958. Batista fled country on 01 January 1959.
Foco
Che Guevara said that violent attacks by revolutionaries could rile people up and make them want to fight against oppressive regimes.
Bay of Pigs
Invasion by US backed Cuban exiles on April 17, 1961. Failed miserably because CIA misinformed the president just how popular Castro was.
