The Making of the Union of 1707 Flashcards
What did William Ferguson believe about the union
To be the greatest political job in the 18th century, however was prone to bribery and corruption
What did P.W.J. Riley believe about the union?
Believed it to be a corrupt coalition formed by only party votes
How were Scots treated by the English Navigation Acts (1650s)?
As naturalised subjects in England but foreign in English colonial trade - were banned from trading as the acts stated only English ships could trade with English colonies
Why was there a succession crisis?
Because Queen Anne’s last child died in 1700 so the 1701 English Act of Succession named Sophia of Hanover as heir, however permission from the Scottish Parliament was needed
When did Anne seek a union treaty to secure the succession in Scotland and what was the response of the English Tories and the Scottish Parliament?
1702-03
Both rejected it
When was the Act of Security and what was its purpose?
1703/04 - laid out what would happen upon Queen Anne’s death. Stated that they will name a successor only if certain conditions were filled: wanted ‘communications of trade’ (customs union) and ‘conditions of government’ (preserve Scottish serenity)
What did Andrew Fletcher propose?
To shift regal powers to Edinburgh Parliament (as in 1640-41)
What was the 1705 Alien Act?
An economic threat passed by the English Whig Majority Parliament
Scotland was to accept Hanover as the heir or negotiations for the union by Christmas 1705, or be treated as foreign and Scottish goods (e.g. Cattle) would be banned in England, couldn’t be exported
Which group of people did Queen Anne nominate for the 1706 Treaty?
Mostly Unionist Negotiators
Give 4 terms of the 1706 Treaty
- One kingdom of Great Britain
- Hanoverian Successor
- Free trade between Scotland, England and its colonies
- English customs and excise taxes would apply to Scotland
Give 3 reasons for Union opposition
- Economic fears
- Religious concerns
- Patriotism - loss of independent kingdoms
Give 3 economic fears regarding the Union
- Loss of protection - competition with English trade
- Risky overseas trade with English colonies - only the elite interested in the union
- Heavier taxes - high tax on beer (a drink of high consumption due to unclean water)
Give 2 religious concerns regarding the Union
- Fear of Anglican majority
- Betrayal of Covenants - Lost the kingdom and parliament and through the union they were risking losing the Presbyterian Church
Give 3 expressions of Union opposition
- Anti union pamphlets
- Riots in Edinburgh after key parliamentary votes
- Protest march and riots in Glasgow
Why did the Presbyterian Church support the treaty?
Because the act stated the Church would be secured in the union to defuse church opposition
