The 1603 Union and the Covenanters (2)

Question 1

What happened in 1648-49?

Answer 1

Moderate Scottish nobles drew up an agreement with Charles I leading to an invasion of England on his behalf

Question 2

When was Charles I executed by the English?

Answer 2

January 1649

Question 3

On what condition did Scotland support Charles II as King?

Answer 3

He swore the covenants prior to his coronation

Question 4

When did England conquer Scotland under Cromwell and what did it create?

Answer 4

1651 - the Commonwealth (1652)

Question 5

Give 3 aspects of the Cromwellian Union

Answer 5

• British parliament in London (House of Commons only)
• Scotland under military occupation with tolerance for all Protestant worship
• Covenants required the maintenance of the Scottish monarch

Question 6

When did Cromwell die and why were there problems with the return of Charles II?

Answer 6

1659 - Charles and his brother/heir had been raised as Catholics in France. It was public knowledge that James was Catholic but not Charles

Question 7

Which four things did the Union of Crowns result in upon Charles’ return?

Answer 7

• Separate national parliaments restored
• Act Recissory (1661) - Abolished Covenants and all reform acts. Restoration of an absolute monarchy
• Resumed control over the Church and restored Bishops in Scotland
• Didn’t tamper with the liberty of the kingdoms due to the fate of his father

Question 8

What was the Covenanter Resistance?

Answer 8

Opposition to the restoration of bishops/royal supremacy (1/3 of the Clergy left the Church and led worship in homes)

Question 9

When were there uprisings in Scotland against state repression of conventicles and why was there little noble support?

Answer 9

1666 and 1679

Due to the risk of losing their wealth and status for defying the King

Question 10

What was the Sanguhar Declaration (1680)?

Answer 10

• Radical minority who disown the King and his brother/heir James
• 1688 - Coup against Catholic James VII led by William of Orange

Question 11

Give 3 points regarding the Covenanters and the Union

Answer 11

• Presbyterians resisted monarchical efforts to produce church harmony in the regal union
• 1638-41 - Covenanters abolished bishops and limited the power of the monarchy to protect the Scottish Presbyterian Church
• 1660 - Restoration of a composite monarchy (several countries under one ruler) welcomed in Scotland

Question 12

Give 2 consequences of the Covenanters and the Union

Answer 12

• Creation of the Jacobites - Revolution against James VII was welcomed by Presbyterians in Scotland, leading to Episcopalian opponents (government of bishops)
• By 1700 Scotland was divided between Episcopalian Jacobites and Presbyterian Whigs