The 1688-90 Revolution and the Jacobites

Question 1

Why was there opposition to James’ ascension to the throne?

Answer 1

Due to fears of a Catholic counter reformation as he promoted Catholics to positions of power in the armies and used his royal power to influence the leadership of the burghs

Question 2

What occurred in November 1688?

Answer 2

William landed at Torbay with 14,000 Dutch troops causing James to flee to France. The English Convention offered the crown to William and Mary through the Bill of Rights and fabricated James’ absence by stating he abdicated

Question 3

How was James related to William, Mary and Anne?

Answer 3

William - Uncle

Mary and Anne - Father

Question 4

Who were the Revolution Whigs?

Answer 4

• Supporters of Revolution
• Accepted the idea of a limited monarchy and acknowledged that parliament could remove a king and install a new one through the Claim of Right
• Supported the restoration of Presbyterian Church
• Strongest in the south/lowlands

Question 5

When was Anne Stuart Queen?

Answer 5

1702-14

Question 6

Who was named as Anne’s heir and who succeeded her?

Answer 6

Sophia of Hanover (granddaughter of James VI)

George I (1714-27) - Sophia’s son

Question 7

When was the Monarchical line challenged by the Jacobites?

Answer 7

Mid 18th century

Question 8

Who were the 2 Jacobite claimants?

Answer 8

• James Francis Edward Stuart

- Charles Edward Stuart

Question 9

What were the 3 Jacobite beliefs?

Answer 9

• Royalism - committed to the direct line of Stewarts as the rightful heirs. Reject the idea that parliament can appoint and remove kings
• Episcopalian Protestantism - wish to restore bishops to the Scottish Church
• Anti Unionism - Post 1707 they wish to unmake the Union of 1707 and restore the Union of Crown

Question 10

Where was Jacobitism the most common?

Answer 10

The Highlands

Question 11

Give 2 points of Jacobitism in the North East

Answer 11

• Survival of Catholicism under the Dukes of Gordon. Eventually converted to Protestantism but still Catholic supporters
• Stronger royalist cultures in the North East of Scotland

Question 12

Give 3 Jacobite military challenges

Answer 12

• Highland War (1689-91
• November 1706 - Attempted rising against the Union Treaty
• 1708 - Landing of French troops with James on the east coast of Scotland

Question 13

When did Charles Edward Stuart land on the west coast of Scotland and why was his journey to London a failure?

Answer 13

1745 - got as far as Derby but retreated due to a lack of supplies