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Anatomy > The Lymphatic System > Flashcards

The Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Where do all body cells live?

A

In tissue fluid

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2
Q

What is tissue fluid constantly being filtered through?

A

Capillary walls into the spaces between cells.

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3
Q

Why is tissue fluid constantly being removed?

A

So it doesn’t accumulate in the tissue.

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4
Q

When tissue fluid is removed where does it go?

A
  • Part of the fluid returns to blood stream through blood capillaries.
  • The rest drains through a second pathway; the lymphatic system.
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5
Q

What lies side by side with blood capillaries and what do they do?

A
  • Microscopic vessels called lymphatic capillaries.

- These lymphatic capillaries drain away excess tissue fluid that doesn’t return to blood capillaries.

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6
Q

What is fluid called once it enters the lymphatic system?

A

Lymph

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7
Q

What do lymphatic capillaries join to form?

A
  • Larger lymphatic vessels, then ducts, which eventually empty into the right and left subclavian veins where lymph rejoins general circulation.
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8
Q

What is along lymphatic vessels and what do they do?

A

Lymph nodes, small sacs of lymphatic tissue that trap and destroy bacteria and foreign substances.

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9
Q

Why does an esthetician need to understand the lymphatic system?

A

It is important because of its role in waste removal and the immune system.

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10
Q

What are the causes of lymph slow down?

A
  • Tight clothing
  • Shallow breathing
  • Illness
  • Lack of exercise
  • General aging
  • Diet - lack of fluid intake.
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11
Q

What are the 2 lymphatic ducts?

A
  • Thoracic duct

- Right lymphatic duct

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12
Q

What colour is lymph and what is it similar to?

A
  • Watery and colourless

- Similar to but not exactly like plasma

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13
Q

What are the lymph vessels?

A
  • Larger lymphatics

- Smaller lymphatics called lymphatic capillaries

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14
Q

What do lymphatic ducts do?

A

Collect the filtered lymph that has left the nodes and drain it into the veins.

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15
Q

True or false. Lymph vessels like blood vessels form a closed ring or circuit.

A

False. - They being in the intercellular spaces of body tissues, and eventually empty into the right and left subclavian veins.

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16
Q

Lymphatic resembles veins with what exceptions?

A
  • Lymphatics have thinner walls.
  • Lymphatics have more valves and valves are closer together giving the vessel a beaded appearance.
  • Lymphatics have lymph nodes.
  • Lymphatics are larger.
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17
Q

What is lymph movement through vessels assisted by?

A
  • Breathing movements.

- Skeletal muscle contractions.

18
Q

What is the basic pattern of lymph flow?

A

From the lymph capillaries, to the lymphatics to the lymph ducts.

19
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

A
  1. Moving fluid called lymph - carried by vessels called lymph vessels.
  2. Lymph nodes
  3. Lymphatic ducts
20
Q

Where do lymphatics from the lower portion of the body deliver lymph?

A

To the cisterna chyli temporary storage pouch, which empties into the thoracic duct.

21
Q

Where does the thoracic duct receive lymph from?

A

From all the lymphatics except for those that drain the upper right part of the body.

22
Q

Where does the thoracic duct empty?

A

The left subclavian vein.

23
Q

Where do lymphatics from the upper portion of the body deliver lymph?

A

To the right lymphatic duct which empties into the base of the upper right subclavian vein.

24
Q

Explain afferent and efferent lymphatic.

A

A lymphatic that delivers lymph to a lymph node is called an afferent lymphatic. From the afferent lymphatic, lymph flows through lymph sinuses in the node and then leaves the node through an efferent lymphatic.

25
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Masses of tissue surrounded by a connective tissue capsule.

26
Q

What are the functions of lymph nodes?

A
  • Filters the lymph

- Produce lymphocytes - which destroy bacteria.

27
Q

Where are lymph nodes most numerous?

A
  • Underarm (axilla)
  • Groin
  • Thorax (upper body - lungs)
  • Abdomen
28
Q

What happens to lymph nodes when bacteria is present?

A

Lymph nodes will swell and become painful.

29
Q

What are lymphocytes? Where are they formed?

A

White blood cells formed in lymphatic tissue, such as lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and bone marrow.

30
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  • Acts as a drainage system (drainage of excess fluid from tissue)
  • Body defence (protection from foreign invaders)
31
Q

What does the lymphatics drainage system assist with?

A

It assists the venous system. The lymph system carries substances which cannot be absorbed into a blood capillary, but need to be carried from intercellular space.

32
Q

What does lymph return to venous circulation from intercellular spaces?

A
  1. Tissue fluid (excess)
  2. Protein
  3. Fats from digested foods
  4. And some other nutrients such as wastes
33
Q

True or false. Lymphatic capillaries lie side by side with blood capillaries but are independent of one another.

A

True.

34
Q

How does the lymphatic system aid in body defence?

A
  1. Lymph nodes filter out from the lymph, microorganisms and other injurious particles and special cells phagocytose (ingest and digest) them.
  2. Through the formation of lymphocytes.
35
Q

What happens to cancer cells that are found in lymph?

A

They may break away and be carried to another lymph node where it may set up new growths.

36
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A
  • Some lymphocytes produce plasma cells which in turn produce antibodies.
  • Others attack foreign invaders directly.
37
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A disease causing substance.

38
Q

What is an antibody?

A

Substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a specific substance that enters the body.

39
Q

Describe antibody antigen mechanism.

A
  1. An antigen enters body tissues
  2. Its presence stimulates certain specific small lymphocytes to multiply and develop into plasma cells.
  3. Plasma cells produce antibodies
  4. Antibodies destroy or inactivate the particular antigen.
  5. Other (WBC) phagocytose microorganisms ingest and digest.
40
Q

What is the spleen?

A

A lymph organ that stores blood and produces lymphocytes/monocytes; considered the “lymph node of the blood.” Instead of filtering lymph it filters blood.

41
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A
  1. Defence filter out microorganisms and phagocytose.
  2. Making WBC (monocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells) before birth.
  3. Removal of worn out RBC and imperfect platelets from blood.
  4. Storage of blood; blood released to body in case of haemorrhage.

Anatomy (15 decks)

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