The Lymphatic System Flashcards
Lymph is the term for fluid that does what?
flows into the lymphatics to remove “junk” in the tissues
The 3 primary components derived from interstitial fluid
- Fluid
- Protein
- Other Nutrients
What helps maintain hydrostatic pressure in lymph?
fluid
What helps maintain colloid osmotic pressure in the capillaries (in the lymph)?
proteins
Lymphatic capillaries are intertwined with vascular _________
capillary beds
Lymphatic vessels can be either ____ or ____
afferent; efferent
Efferent vessels carry lymph from the ____ to either one of the lymphatic ____ or to another ____
node; ducts; node
Afferent vessels carry lymph to the ____
node
Microcirculation includes the diffusion of oxygen, _____, cell ___, electrolytes, ____ and a small amount of ____
carbon dioxide
excreta
water
protein
The fluid returns to circulation by diffusing back into circulating _____ (aka capillary absorption)
plasma
9/10 of the fluid filtered OUT is caused by capillary ____
absorption
The remaining 1/10 of the fluid goes INTO the lymphatic system caused by capillary ____
absorption
The arterial side of starling forces indicates that fluid flows from the ____ to ____
capillaries –> interstitial fluid
The venous side of starling forces indicates that fluid flows from the ____ to ____
interstitial fluid —> back into the blood
The arterial side starling forces in the blood shows a ____ positive hydrostatic pressure and ____ colloid osmotic pressure in the plasms
high; high
The arterial side starling forces in the interstitium shows an always ____ hydrostatic pressure and ___ if not ___ colloid osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid
negative; low; absent
The venous side starling forces in the blood shows a ___ hydrostatic pressure and super ___ colloid osmotic pressure in the plasma
low; high
The venous side of starling forces in the interstitium shows a ____ hyrdrostatic pressure and ___ if not ___ colloid osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid
high; low; absent
The lymphatic pathway (9):
- Blood ____
- ___ Tissue
- ____ Capillary
- Larger lymph ____
- ____ angle
- Lymph ____
- Precapillary ____
- Precapillary ____
- ___ capillaries
- capillary
- interstitial
- lymphatic
- vessel (collectors and trunks)
- venous
- nodes
- arteries
- veins
- blood
What acts like a one-way valve allowing flow INTO the lymphatic capillary?
Terminal Lymphatic Capillaries
As tissue swells, anchoring filaments pull ___ cells and open pores allowing for fluid to rush ___
endothelial; in
Substances with ____ molecular weight like proteins MUST be returned to circulation via lymphatic system
high
The overlapping edge in overlapping endothelial cells is free to flap which direction?
inwards
What are the 2 primary factors that determine rate of lymph flow?
- Interstitial Fluid Pressure
2. Pumping of the lymphatic vessel
The RATE of lymphatic fluid flow is roughly the product of ____ pressure and ____ of the lymphatic vessel
interstitial fluid; pumping
As lymphatic capillaries allow ISF to flow ____, ISF volume in the interstitial compartment contracts, which leads to ___ ISF hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial compartment
INward; decreased
Interstitial fluid pressure rate is at a maximum when interstitial pressure is slightly above what?
atmospheric pressure
What are the 4 factors that increase interstitial fluid pressure?
- Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
- Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
- Increased permeability of the capillaries
As fluid enters a lymphatic vessel, ____ builds and the walls ____
pressure; walls
When the smooth muscle around the vessels stretch, what do they do?
contract
There is a ___-way valve, similar to that of veins, that ensures the movement of fluid is towards what vital organ?
one; the heart
What are 5 external forces that affect lymphatic flow?
- Contraction of skeletal muscles
- Movement of body parts
- Pulsations of arteries near lymphatics
- Compression of tissues by external objects
- Gravity
What are some methods for compressing the lymphatic tissue using external objects?
- Massage/manual lymphatic drainage
- Compression wrapping
- Compression pumps, like SCDs (sequential compression devices, aka Leg Pumps)
What is the ONLY lymphoid organ part of the lymphatic system?
lymph nodes
What has a large concentration of lymphocytes and macrophages?
lymph nodes
Lymphocytes are a type of what cell?
WBC
Macrophages provide non-specific _____
immunity
Lymph nodes filter the lymph before returning it to circulation by removing ____, _____ and ____
- foreign particles
- cancer cells
- bacteria
The 3 main roles of the lymphatic system
- “Scavenger” System that removes excess ‘stuff’ in the body
- Plays an important role in maintaining the Starling Forces in the capillary beds
- Aids in the immune response
How does the lymphatic system aid in maintaining the Starling Forces of the capillary beds?
- Removes excess proteins (maintains colloid osmotic pressure)
- Removes excess fluids (maintains hydrostatic pressure)
How does the lymphatic system aid in the immune response of the body?
removes bacteria and faulty cells from the tissues and delivers it to the lymph nodes
List the following lymphatic structures in order from smallest to largest (in diameter):
a. afferent lymphatic vessels
b. thoracic duct
c. large collecting ducts
d. efferent lymphatic vessels
e. lymph nodes
f. lymphatic capillaries
g. right lymphatic duct
SMALLEST –> LARGEST
f. capillaries
a. afferent vessels
e. lymph nodes
d. efferent vessels
g. right duct
b. thoracic duct
c. large collecting ducts
Lymphatic Fluid Contents include:
- excess ____
- ____
- Nutrients absorbed by the ___ tract
- ____ and other large ___ particles
- _____ cells
- ____cytes and ____phages
- interstitial fluid
- proteins
- nutrients; GI
- bacteria; waste
- cancer
- lymphocytes; macrophages
