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PT 6282: Cardiopulmonary Physiology & Rehabilitation > The Lymphatic System > Flashcards

The Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Lymph is the term for fluid that does what?

A

flows into the lymphatics to remove “junk” in the tissues

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2
Q

The 3 primary components derived from interstitial fluid

A
  1. Fluid
  2. Protein
  3. Other Nutrients
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3
Q

What helps maintain hydrostatic pressure in lymph?

A

fluid

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4
Q

What helps maintain colloid osmotic pressure in the capillaries (in the lymph)?

A

proteins

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5
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are intertwined with vascular _________

A

capillary beds

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6
Q

Lymphatic vessels can be either ____ or ____

A

afferent; efferent

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7
Q

Efferent vessels carry lymph from the ____ to either one of the lymphatic ____ or to another ____

A

node; ducts; node

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8
Q

Afferent vessels carry lymph to the ____

A

node

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9
Q

Microcirculation includes the diffusion of oxygen, _____, cell ___, electrolytes, ____ and a small amount of ____

A

carbon dioxide
excreta
water
protein

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10
Q

The fluid returns to circulation by diffusing back into circulating _____ (aka capillary absorption)

A

plasma

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11
Q

9/10 of the fluid filtered OUT is caused by capillary ____

A

absorption

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12
Q

The remaining 1/10 of the fluid goes INTO the lymphatic system caused by capillary ____

A

absorption

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13
Q

The arterial side of starling forces indicates that fluid flows from the ____ to ____

A

capillaries –> interstitial fluid

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14
Q

The venous side of starling forces indicates that fluid flows from the ____ to ____

A

interstitial fluid —> back into the blood

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15
Q

The arterial side starling forces in the blood shows a ____ positive hydrostatic pressure and ____ colloid osmotic pressure in the plasms

A

high; high

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16
Q

The arterial side starling forces in the interstitium shows an always ____ hydrostatic pressure and ___ if not ___ colloid osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid

A

negative; low; absent

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17
Q

The venous side starling forces in the blood shows a ___ hydrostatic pressure and super ___ colloid osmotic pressure in the plasma

A

low; high

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18
Q

The venous side of starling forces in the interstitium shows a ____ hyrdrostatic pressure and ___ if not ___ colloid osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid

A

high; low; absent

19
Q

The lymphatic pathway (9):

  1. Blood ____
  2. ___ Tissue
  3. ____ Capillary
  4. Larger lymph ____
  5. ____ angle
  6. Lymph ____
  7. Precapillary ____
  8. Precapillary ____
  9. ___ capillaries
A
  1. capillary
  2. interstitial
  3. lymphatic
  4. vessel (collectors and trunks)
  5. venous
  6. nodes
  7. arteries
  8. veins
  9. blood
20
Q

What acts like a one-way valve allowing flow INTO the lymphatic capillary?

A

Terminal Lymphatic Capillaries

21
Q

As tissue swells, anchoring filaments pull ___ cells and open pores allowing for fluid to rush ___

A

endothelial; in

22
Q

Substances with ____ molecular weight like proteins MUST be returned to circulation via lymphatic system

A

high

23
Q

The overlapping edge in overlapping endothelial cells is free to flap which direction?

A

inwards

24
Q

What are the 2 primary factors that determine rate of lymph flow?

A
  1. Interstitial Fluid Pressure

2. Pumping of the lymphatic vessel

25
Q

The RATE of lymphatic fluid flow is roughly the product of ____ pressure and ____ of the lymphatic vessel

A

interstitial fluid; pumping

26
Q

As lymphatic capillaries allow ISF to flow ____, ISF volume in the interstitial compartment contracts, which leads to ___ ISF hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial compartment

A

INward; decreased

27
Q

Interstitial fluid pressure rate is at a maximum when interstitial pressure is slightly above what?

A

atmospheric pressure

28
Q

What are the 4 factors that increase interstitial fluid pressure?

A
  1. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
  2. Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
  3. Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
  4. Increased permeability of the capillaries
29
Q

As fluid enters a lymphatic vessel, ____ builds and the walls ____

A

pressure; walls

30
Q

When the smooth muscle around the vessels stretch, what do they do?

A

contract

31
Q

There is a ___-way valve, similar to that of veins, that ensures the movement of fluid is towards what vital organ?

A

one; the heart

32
Q

What are 5 external forces that affect lymphatic flow?

A
  1. Contraction of skeletal muscles
  2. Movement of body parts
  3. Pulsations of arteries near lymphatics
  4. Compression of tissues by external objects
  5. Gravity
33
Q

What are some methods for compressing the lymphatic tissue using external objects?

A
  1. Massage/manual lymphatic drainage
  2. Compression wrapping
  3. Compression pumps, like SCDs (sequential compression devices, aka Leg Pumps)
34
Q

What is the ONLY lymphoid organ part of the lymphatic system?

A

lymph nodes

35
Q

What has a large concentration of lymphocytes and macrophages?

A

lymph nodes

36
Q

Lymphocytes are a type of what cell?

A

WBC

37
Q

Macrophages provide non-specific _____

A

immunity

38
Q

Lymph nodes filter the lymph before returning it to circulation by removing ____, _____ and ____

A
  1. foreign particles
  2. cancer cells
  3. bacteria
39
Q

The 3 main roles of the lymphatic system

A
  1. “Scavenger” System that removes excess ‘stuff’ in the body
  2. Plays an important role in maintaining the Starling Forces in the capillary beds
  3. Aids in the immune response
40
Q

How does the lymphatic system aid in maintaining the Starling Forces of the capillary beds?

A
  1. Removes excess proteins (maintains colloid osmotic pressure)
  2. Removes excess fluids (maintains hydrostatic pressure)
41
Q

How does the lymphatic system aid in the immune response of the body?

A

removes bacteria and faulty cells from the tissues and delivers it to the lymph nodes

42
Q

List the following lymphatic structures in order from smallest to largest (in diameter):

a. afferent lymphatic vessels
b. thoracic duct
c. large collecting ducts
d. efferent lymphatic vessels
e. lymph nodes
f. lymphatic capillaries
g. right lymphatic duct

A

SMALLEST –> LARGEST

f. capillaries
a. afferent vessels
e. lymph nodes
d. efferent vessels
g. right duct
b. thoracic duct
c. large collecting ducts

43
Q

Lymphatic Fluid Contents include:

  1. excess ____
  2. ____
  3. Nutrients absorbed by the ___ tract
  4. ____ and other large ___ particles
  5. _____ cells
  6. ____cytes and ____phages
A
  1. interstitial fluid
  2. proteins
  3. nutrients; GI
  4. bacteria; waste
  5. cancer
  6. lymphocytes; macrophages

PT 6282: Cardiopulmonary Physiology & Rehabilitation (14 decks)

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