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PT 6282: Cardiopulmonary Physiology & Rehabilitation > ECG Part II > Flashcards

ECG Part II Flashcards

1
Q

What is a NSTEMI?

A

A non ST elevation myocardial infarction

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2
Q

A NSTEMI accounts for __% of all heart attacks

A

30%

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3
Q

A NSTEMI needs cardiac biomarkers to confirm its presence, such as ____ or ____

A

troponin; CPK

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4
Q

A NSTEMI includes a incomplete ____ vessel and a ___ minor vessel

A

major; complete

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5
Q

With NSTEMI, there are generally no pathological __ waves

A

Q

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6
Q

What is a STEMI?

A

ST elevation myocardial infarction

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7
Q

A STEMI accounts for ___% of all heart attacks

A

70%

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8
Q

A STEMI includes a ___ major vessel and is usually associated with pathological __ waves

A

complete; Q

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9
Q

A Normal QRS complex lasts how long?

A

less than or equal to 0.12s

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10
Q

A Purkinje system block causes the QRS complex to last longer than ___s

A

0.12s

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11
Q

Bizarre QRS complexes can be caused by destruction of ____ muscle or multiple small blocks along the ____ pathway

A

cardiac; Purkinje

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12
Q

Electrical activity flows b/w the polarized healthy tissue and the depolarized damaged tissue, causing a ________

A

current of injury

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13
Q

____ heart muscle will stay depolarized or partially polarized all the time

A

damaged

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14
Q

Injury Potential is caused by

  1. ____ trauma
  2. ____ processes that damage the membranes
  3. _____ caused to local areas from coronary occlusions
A

mechanical
infectious
ischemia

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15
Q

J Point determines the ___ potential

A

zero

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16
Q

The J point can identify ___ or ___ in different parts of the heart such as lack of oxygen or lack of sufficient food nutrients

A

ischemia or infarction

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17
Q

Affected wall: Septal

Primary changes: ____
Vessel: ____

A

V1-V2

LAD

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18
Q

Affected wall: Anterior

Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____

A

V3-V4 (V2-V5)
II, III, aVF
LAD

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19
Q

Affected wall: Anterioseptal

Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____

A

V1-V4
II, III, aVF
LAD

20
Q

Affected wall: Lateral

Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____

A

V5-V6 (I or aVL)
II, III, aVF
Cx

21
Q

Affected wall: Inferior

Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____

A

II, III, aVF
V2 &/or I, aVL
RCA or Cx

22
Q

Affected wall: Posterior

Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____

A

V1-V4 (ST Depression)
II, III, aVF (ST elevation)
RCA/Posterior Descending`

23
Q

Cardiac Arrhythmias can include:

  1. Abnormal rhythmicty of ____
  2. Shift of pacemaker from __node to another place
  3. ___ at different pts in spread of impulse thru heart
  4. Abnormal ____ of impulse transmission thru heart
  5. Spontaneous generation of spurious ___ in almost any part of the heart
A 
pacemaker
SA
blocks
pathways
impulse
24
Q

Tachycardia is any HR greater than ___bpm while Bradycardia is any HR less than ___bpm

A

100; 60

25
Q

Ectopic beats include:

Atrial: __-__
Junctional: __-__
Ventricular: __-__

A

60-80
40-60
20-40

26
Q

Wandering Pacemaker rate can vary and is caused by ___ to the SA node or ___, and can be very benign

A

ischemia; CHF

27
Q

A Sinoatrial Block (SA Block) is an impulse from the ___ node being blocked before it enters ___ muscle

A

sinus; atrial

28
Q

The main characteristic of a SA Block is a slowed rate of ____ but otherwise not altered

A

QRS

29
Q

An AV Block can be caused by ___, ____ or ____ of the AV node/AV bundle fibers

A

ischemia
compression
inflammation

30
Q

An Incomplete AV Block - 1st degree includes:

  1. Prolonged ___ or ___ interval
  2. > __s the PR interval is said to be prolonged
  3. Beyond __-__s conduction is depressed to the pt where it stops altogether
A

P-R; P-Q

  1. 20s
  2. 35-0.45s
31
Q

An Incomplete AV Block - 2nd degree includes:

Type I: _____ periodicity
Type___

A

Wenckebach

II

32
Q

Type I incomplete AV block is a progressive ____ of the PR interval until a ventricular beat is ___ and is then follow by resetting of the PR and repeating of the abnormal cycle

A

prolongation

dropped

33
Q

Which type of incomplete AV block is more likely to be treated?

A

Type II because it may require implantation of pacemaker to prevent progression to a complete heart block and subsequent MI

34
Q

Type II incomplete AV block includes a fixed number of non-conducted __ waves for every ___ complex (2:1, 3:2, 3:1) and is an abnormality of the ____

A

p; QRS

bundle of His

35
Q

Complete AV block is a condition causing poor conduction in the AV node/bundle becoming _____ enough to the point where there is a complete block of the impulse from the ___ into the ventricles

A

severe; atria

36
Q

A-Fib is a HR of ___ to ___

A

350-600

37
Q

A-Fib causes ___ and ____ strokes in the elderly

A

falls; ischemic

38
Q

A-Fib usually causes CO to be less than ___%

A

30%

39
Q

A PVC is considered ____ and is known as a “skipped beat”

A

multifocal

40
Q

A PVC can be deflected ____ or ____

A

positive or negative

41
Q

A PVC is a ventricular ectopic foci with no ___ and a large/wide ____

A

p-wave; QRS complex

42
Q

A PVC is considered more dangerous when they are:

  1. ___ together
  2. ___focal
  3. > __ per minute
  4. ____ or more
A

paired together
multi-
6
triples

43
Q

Bigeminy is when every ____ beat is a PVC

A

second

44
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia is a HR of ___ to ___

A

150-200

45
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia occurs in ____ ventricle with symptoms of a low ___ and sudden death

A

ischemic; CO

46
Q

V-Fib is a HR of over ____

A

300

47
Q

V-Fib is caused by ischemia, drug overdose, open heart surgery, anesthesia, etc and death can occur within ___ minutes

A

4

PT 6282: Cardiopulmonary Physiology & Rehabilitation (14 decks)

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