ECG Part II Flashcards
What is a NSTEMI?
A non ST elevation myocardial infarction
A NSTEMI accounts for __% of all heart attacks
30%
A NSTEMI needs cardiac biomarkers to confirm its presence, such as ____ or ____
troponin; CPK
A NSTEMI includes a incomplete ____ vessel and a ___ minor vessel
major; complete
With NSTEMI, there are generally no pathological __ waves
Q
What is a STEMI?
ST elevation myocardial infarction
A STEMI accounts for ___% of all heart attacks
70%
A STEMI includes a ___ major vessel and is usually associated with pathological __ waves
complete; Q
A Normal QRS complex lasts how long?
less than or equal to 0.12s
A Purkinje system block causes the QRS complex to last longer than ___s
0.12s
Bizarre QRS complexes can be caused by destruction of ____ muscle or multiple small blocks along the ____ pathway
cardiac; Purkinje
Electrical activity flows b/w the polarized healthy tissue and the depolarized damaged tissue, causing a ________
current of injury
____ heart muscle will stay depolarized or partially polarized all the time
damaged
Injury Potential is caused by
- ____ trauma
- ____ processes that damage the membranes
- _____ caused to local areas from coronary occlusions
mechanical
infectious
ischemia
J Point determines the ___ potential
zero
The J point can identify ___ or ___ in different parts of the heart such as lack of oxygen or lack of sufficient food nutrients
ischemia or infarction
Affected wall: Septal
Primary changes: ____
Vessel: ____
V1-V2
LAD
Affected wall: Anterior
Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____
V3-V4 (V2-V5)
II, III, aVF
LAD
Affected wall: Anterioseptal
Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____
V1-V4
II, III, aVF
LAD
Affected wall: Lateral
Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____
V5-V6 (I or aVL)
II, III, aVF
Cx
Affected wall: Inferior
Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____
II, III, aVF
V2 &/or I, aVL
RCA or Cx
Affected wall: Posterior
Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____
V1-V4 (ST Depression)
II, III, aVF (ST elevation)
RCA/Posterior Descending`
Cardiac Arrhythmias can include:
- Abnormal rhythmicty of ____
- Shift of pacemaker from __node to another place
- ___ at different pts in spread of impulse thru heart
- Abnormal ____ of impulse transmission thru heart
- Spontaneous generation of spurious ___ in almost any part of the heart
pacemaker SA blocks pathways impulse
Tachycardia is any HR greater than ___bpm while Bradycardia is any HR less than ___bpm
100; 60
Ectopic beats include:
Atrial: __-__
Junctional: __-__
Ventricular: __-__
60-80
40-60
20-40
Wandering Pacemaker rate can vary and is caused by ___ to the SA node or ___, and can be very benign
ischemia; CHF
A Sinoatrial Block (SA Block) is an impulse from the ___ node being blocked before it enters ___ muscle
sinus; atrial
The main characteristic of a SA Block is a slowed rate of ____ but otherwise not altered
QRS
An AV Block can be caused by ___, ____ or ____ of the AV node/AV bundle fibers
ischemia
compression
inflammation
An Incomplete AV Block - 1st degree includes:
- Prolonged ___ or ___ interval
- > __s the PR interval is said to be prolonged
- Beyond __-__s conduction is depressed to the pt where it stops altogether
P-R; P-Q
- 20s
- 35-0.45s
An Incomplete AV Block - 2nd degree includes:
Type I: _____ periodicity
Type___
Wenckebach
II
Type I incomplete AV block is a progressive ____ of the PR interval until a ventricular beat is ___ and is then follow by resetting of the PR and repeating of the abnormal cycle
prolongation
dropped
Which type of incomplete AV block is more likely to be treated?
Type II because it may require implantation of pacemaker to prevent progression to a complete heart block and subsequent MI
Type II incomplete AV block includes a fixed number of non-conducted __ waves for every ___ complex (2:1, 3:2, 3:1) and is an abnormality of the ____
p; QRS
bundle of His
Complete AV block is a condition causing poor conduction in the AV node/bundle becoming _____ enough to the point where there is a complete block of the impulse from the ___ into the ventricles
severe; atria
A-Fib is a HR of ___ to ___
350-600
A-Fib causes ___ and ____ strokes in the elderly
falls; ischemic
A-Fib usually causes CO to be less than ___%
30%
A PVC is considered ____ and is known as a “skipped beat”
multifocal
A PVC can be deflected ____ or ____
positive or negative
A PVC is a ventricular ectopic foci with no ___ and a large/wide ____
p-wave; QRS complex
A PVC is considered more dangerous when they are:
- ___ together
- ___focal
- > __ per minute
- ____ or more
paired together
multi-
6
triples
Bigeminy is when every ____ beat is a PVC
second
Ventricular Tachycardia is a HR of ___ to ___
150-200
Ventricular Tachycardia occurs in ____ ventricle with symptoms of a low ___ and sudden death
ischemic; CO
V-Fib is a HR of over ____
300
V-Fib is caused by ischemia, drug overdose, open heart surgery, anesthesia, etc and death can occur within ___ minutes
4
