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PT 6282: Cardiopulmonary Physiology & Rehabilitation > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of Circulation?

A
  1. Transportation of nutrients to tissues
  2. Transporting waste products away from tissues
  3. Transporting hormones from one part of the body to another
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2
Q

Blood flow rate is controlled by

A

needs of the tissues

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3
Q

The kidneys need ____ blood flow than the ____

A

more; brain

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4
Q

All diffusion occurs here; most essential for determining what is needed

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

Arteries transport blood under ____ pressure to the tissues

A

high

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6
Q

_____ act as control conduits through which blood is released into the capillaries

A

arterioles

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7
Q

_____ exchange fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones and other substances b/w the blood and interstitial fluid

A

capillaries

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8
Q

_____ collect blood from the capillaries and gradually coalesce into progressively larger veins

A

venules

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9
Q

What functions as conduits for transport of blood from venules back to the heart and is where 64% of blood is stored?

A

veins

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10
Q

Velocity is equal to

A

Flow / Area

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11
Q

The ___ volume of blood (F) much pass through each segment of the circulation each ___.

A

same; minute

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12
Q

Velocity (v) of blood flow is ______ proportional to the vascular cross-sectional area (A)

A

inversely

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13
Q

All blood vessels are

A

distensible

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14
Q

____ allows for the pulsatile output of the heart; smooth continuous blood flow through very small blood vessels of tissues

A

distensibility

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15
Q

Which vessel has the highest distensibilty?

A

Veins, because they hold 64% of blood

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16
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

A

(1/3 [SBP-DBP] + DBP)

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17
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

SBP-DBP

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18
Q

This type of pressure system extends from the left ventricle in contracted state all the way to systemic arterioles (CONTRACTED)

A

high pressure system

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19
Q

This type of pressure system extends from the systemic capillaries thru rest of systemic circuit, into right heart, then thru pulmonary circuit, into left heart, in relaxed state (RELAXED)

A

low pressure system

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20
Q

Blood flow to most tissues is controlled according to what?

A

the tissue need

21
Q

What is the sum of all local tissue flows?

[Hint: it’s amount of blood pumped into the aorta each minute (STROKE VOLUME x HR)]

A

cardiac output

22
Q

Arterial Pressure Regulation is generally independent of what 2 things?

A

local blood flow control OR cardiac output

23
Q

Ohm’s Law states that F is equal to

A

Change in pressure / vascular resistance

24
Q

As the blood increases in thickness (viscosity), disruption or turbulence

A

decreases

25
Q

Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) is equal to

A

MAP / CO

26
Q

The flow will dramatically increase if the _____ increases, since it is to the fourth power in the Blood Pressure Blood Flow equation

A

radius

27
Q

Blood Pressure Blood Flow

A

Flow =Л r4 ΔP/8nℓ

28
Q

Laminar Flow

A

Steady state flow through a long, smooth blood vessel; streamline flow (each layer of blood remains same distance from vessel wall); central most portion of blood stays in center of vessel

29
Q

Turbulent Flow

A

Blood flowing in all directions in the vessel and continually mixing within vessel

30
Q

According to parabolic velocity, flow on the outside moves _____ than flow on the inside

A

slower

31
Q

Turbulent or disorderly flow can be created by (4)

A
  1. Rate of blood flow becoming too great
  2. Passing by an obstruction in vessel (plaque)
  3. Making a sharp turn
  4. Passing over roughened surface
32
Q

Turbulent flow creates eddy currents, where the blood flows with much greater resistance due to added

A

friction

33
Q

Reynold’s number

A

is the tendency for turbulence to occur

Re = (v x d x p)/n

34
Q

Reynold’s number is ______ proportional to the velocity of blood flow, the diameter of the vessel and the density of the blood

A

directly

35
Q

Reynold’s number is _____ proportional to the viscosity of the blood

A

inversely

36
Q

Poiseuille’s Law states that the VOLUME of a liquid flowing through a vessel is _____ proportional to the pressure of the liquid, _____ proportional to the 4th power of the radius of the vessel, and ______ proportional to the viscosity of the liquid and length of vessel.

A

directly; directly; inversely

37
Q

About ____ of the total SVR to blood flow is arteriole resistance in the small arterioles

A

2/3

38
Q

SVR is MAP/CO however, it cannot

A

be measured

39
Q

SVR is the _____ to blood flow in a vessel

A

impediment

40
Q

Conductance is the reciprocal of ______

A

resistance

41
Q

Conductance is the measure of the blood flow through a vessel for a given ______ difference

A

pressure

42
Q

Hematocrit

A

proportion of blood that is red blood cells (rbc)

43
Q

Who has more hematocrit?

A

Men (42%) vs. Women (38%)

44
Q

What are 3 examples of hematocrit alterations?

A
  1. Anemia (lowered n = increased C)
  2. Activity Levels (elite athletes) - (increased O2 demand)
  3. Altitude (significant increase in hematocrit during 1st 72 hours of change in elevation)
45
Q

If you _____ hematocrit, you will markedly ____ blood viscosity.

A

increase; increase

46
Q

Hematocrit equation (pouiseuille)

A

F = n x change in P x r^4 / 8 x n x l

47
Q

Blood Flow Autoregulation say that:

  • if n increases, the c will ____
  • during sympathetic inhibition, there is 2x flow and vaso_____
  • During sympathetic stimulation, the blood flow is tightened up and vaso_____
  • A decrease in pressure = ____ in resistance
A
  • if n increases, then c will decrease
  • during sympathetic inhibition, 2x flow and vasodilation
  • during sympathetic stimulation, tightened up and vasoconstriction
  • decrease in pressure = decrease in resistance
48
Q

Take homes of Circulation (4)

  1. The majority of blood is distributed among ____ circulation with majority within _____ system
  2. Rate of blood flow in controlled by __________
  3. ____ of the vessel is the most important factor in determining the flow of blood
  4. About 2/3 of the total SVR to blood flow is arteriole resistance in the _______
A
  1. systemic; venous
  2. needs of the tissues
  3. Radius
  4. small arterioles

PT 6282: Cardiopulmonary Physiology & Rehabilitation (14 decks)

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