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PT 6282: Cardiopulmonary Physiology & Rehabilitation > Microcirculation > Flashcards

Microcirculation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of microcirculation?

A

to transport and exchange nutrients to the tissues and remove cell excreta

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2
Q

The walls of capillaries are thing, ___-layer and highly permeable _____ cells

A

single; endothelial

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3
Q

An artery branches 6-8x into an _____, which then branches 2-5x into the ______

A

arteriole; capillaries

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4
Q

The capillary wall is comprised of a unicellular layer consisting of endothelial cells, and has a thin _____ membrane and contains small passageways or ____

A

basement; pores

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5
Q

The intercellular cleft is a ___ between adjacent endothelial cells which allows ____ to freely move

A

junction; fluids

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6
Q

Plasmalemmal vesicles, also known as Caveolae, contain caveolin, cholesterol and lipids and play a major role in ____cytosis and ___cytosis

A

endocytosis; transcytosis

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7
Q

Brain contains ____ junctions, whereas the liver is wide open due to extremely large ____

A

tight; clefts

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8
Q

The glomerular capillaries of the kidney include ____ which penetrate through the middle so small molecular and ionic substances can pass through, but not larger ____ proteins

A

fenestrae; plasms

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9
Q

Is Vasomotion continuous or intermittent?

A

intermittent

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10
Q

Vasomotion depends on the tissue _____

A

needs

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11
Q

Vasomotion is primarily caused by the opening/closing of ______

A

pre-capillary sphincters

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12
Q

The most important factor involved in blood flow regulation is the concentration of ____, __ nutrients and ____ products in the tissues

A

oxygen, b-nutrients, waste products

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13
Q

In the exchange of water and nutrients, there is first a ___ of substances b/w the plasma and interstitial fluid via ____

A

transfer; diffusion

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14
Q

In the exchange of water and nutrients, the diffusion that occurs results from ___ motion of the water molecules and dissolved substances in the fluid, with random movements in which directions?

A

thermal; all directions

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15
Q

The rate of diffusion is ____ to the concentration difference of the substance b/w the ___ sides of the membrane

A

proportional; 2

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16
Q

Particles will diffuse from ___ to ___ concentration

A

high; low

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17
Q

If a membrane is lipid soluble, the gap is 20x ____ than water soluble so that diffusion can occur directly through the cell membranes without having to go through the ____

A

larger; pores

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18
Q

If a membrane is water soluble, things cannot pass through the ____ membranes of the endothelial

A

lipid

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19
Q

Collagen fiber bundles are ___ and provide most of the ____ strength of the tissues

A

strong; tensional

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20
Q

In the interstitial fluid, proteoglycan filaments are 98% ______ and 2% ____

A

hyaluronic acid; protein

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21
Q

Gel is a fluid derived by ____ and _____ from the capillaries and fluid entrapped in _____ filaments

A

filtration; diffusion; proteoglycan

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22
Q

Diffusion through gel is _____

A

rapid

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23
Q

Free fluid is free of _____ filaments and composes less than 1% of the interstitium and interstitial fluid

A

proteoglycan

24
Q

____ occurs when small pockets and rivulets of free fluid expand tremendously

A

edema

25
Q

What are the main components of the interstitium and interstitial fluid? (4)

A
  1. Collagen fiber bundles
  2. Proteoglycan filaments
  3. Gel
  4. Free fluid
26
Q

Hydrostatic pressure is the ___ of fluid and its dissolved substances through the capillary pores into the _____

A

force; interstitial spaces

27
Q

Osmotic pressure is caused by the ____ proteins causing fluid movements by osmosis from the interstitial spaces into the ____

A

plasma; blood

28
Q

Starling forces include capillary ____ (Pc), interstitial fluid ____ (Pif), capillary ____ colloid ____ pressure (np) and the interstitial ___ colloid osmotic ___ (nif)

A

pressure
pressure
plasma; osmotic
fluid; pressure

29
Q

Net filtration pressure = ___ + Net fluid filtration - Net fluid _____

A

NFP; absorption

30
Q

Capillary filtration coefficient (Kf) is the ____ and ____ of pores in each capillary and the number of capillaries in which the blood is ____

A

number; size

flowing

31
Q

Filtration = ___ x NFP

A

Kf

32
Q

Mean Capillary Pressure in some tissues such as skeletal muscle and the gut tends to be ____ (direct measures) and ____ (indirect measures)

A

25 mmHg; 17 mmHg

33
Q

Pressures in large capillary loops include the arterial ends of capillaries (__-__), venous ends of capillaries (__-__) with the average tending to be ___-___ mm Hg

A

30-40
10-15
17-25

34
Q

Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure is ____ variable depending on the particular ____ and physiological condition

A

highly; tissue

35
Q

In loose subcutaneous tissues, pressures are slightly ____

A

negative

36
Q

Pumping by which system is the basic cause of negative interstitial fluid pressure?

A

lymphatic

37
Q

What are the only dissolved constituents in the plasma and interstitial fluids that do not readily pass through the capillary pores?

A

proetins

38
Q

Proteins of the plasma and interstitial fluids that are responsible for the ____ pressures on the 2 sides of the ___ membrane

A

osmotic; capillary

39
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure averages about ___ mm Hg

A

28

40
Q

19 mm Hg of colloid osmotic pressure is caused by what?

A

molecular effects of dissolved proteins

41
Q

The remaining 9 mm Hg osmotic pressure is caused by what?

A

the Donnan effect

42
Q

What is the Donnan effect?

A

Extra osmotic pressure caused by sodium, potassium and other cations held in the plasma by the proteins

43
Q

Capillary pressure at the arterial ends of the capillaries is ___ to ___ mm Hg greater than at the ____ ends

A

15-25; venous

44
Q

Fluid “filters” out of capillaries at their ____ ends but at their ____ ends, fluid is reabsorbed back into the capillaries

A

arterial; venous

45
Q

____ amount of fluid actually “flows” through the tissues from the arterial ends of the capillaries to the venous ends

A

small

46
Q

NFP = (___ - ___) - (___ -___)

A

(Pc - Pif) - (np-nif)

47
Q

What is starling equilibrium?

A

Under normal conditions, there is a state of near-equilibrium existing in most capillaries

48
Q

The amount of fluid filtering ___ from the arterial ends of the capillaries equals almost exactly the fluid returned to circulation by ____

A

outward; absorption

49
Q

The slight disequilibrium that does occur accounts for the fluid that is eventually returned to the circulation by the way of ______

A

lymphatics

50
Q

Net ___ filtration pressure is largely caused by the ____ system

A

0.3; lymphatic

51
Q

Filtered fluid in the interstitium occurs via lymphatic system-accessory route through which fluid can flow from where to where?

A

interstitial spaces into the blood

52
Q

The function and structure of the microcirculation is to transport and exchange _____ and to remove cell ____

A

nutrients; excreta

53
Q

____ pressure moves fluid from the capillary into the interstitial space

A

Hydrostatic

54
Q

____ pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space into the blood

A

Osmotic

55
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure is driven by proteins, ____ being the driving protein

A

albumin

56
Q

The starling equilibrium would indicate that under normal conditions, the amount of fluid filtering ____ from the ___ ends of the capillaries equals almost exactly the fluid returned to the circulation by ______

A

outward; arterial; absorption

57
Q

Any fluid that is filtered outward is returned to the circulation via the _____

A

lymphatics

PT 6282: Cardiopulmonary Physiology & Rehabilitation (14 decks)

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