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geography > The Living World: Tropical Rainforests > Flashcards

The Living World: Tropical Rainforests Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the temperature of a rainforest?

A

27C

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2
Q

How much of the earth’s surface is rainforest?

A

2%

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3
Q

Why is soil less fertile in some rainforests?

A

due to high biodiversity, nutrients are constantly taken up/ consumed by animals

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4
Q

Why are there many different layers in a rainforest?

A

different plants fighting for access to sunlight for photosynthesis

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5
Q

How is a three-toes sloth adapted to its environment?

A

-extra vertebrae to be able to turn neck 270 degrees (to check for predators)
-can swim in floods (high rainfall= surface runoff)

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6
Q

Give 3 socio-economic opportunities of rainforests?

A

-resources
-employment
-medicine

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7
Q

What percent of medicines come from rainforest plants?

A

25%

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8
Q

Name 3 resources from rainforests

A

-wood
-nuts
-fruits (e.g. bananas)

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9
Q

Give 3 environmental opportunities of a rainforest

A

-water source
-prevents climate change
-biodiversity

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10
Q

What % of the world’s freshwater comes from Amazon basin?

A

20%

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11
Q

What % of the world’s plants and animals are found in the Amazon?

A

50%

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12
Q

How do rainforests prevent climate change?

A

-absorb CO2 from atmosphere
-trees act as carbon sinks

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13
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

measure of how many different species live in an ecosystem

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14
Q

How many different species are in the Amazon rainforest?

A

15 million

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15
Q

Give 6 causes of deforestation in rainforests

A
  1. farming
  2. logging
  3. road building
  4. mineral extraction
  5. energy development
  6. population growth
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16
Q

What percentage of deforestation is due to cattle ranching in the Amazon?

A

80%

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17
Q

Example of wood deforested for logging

A

teak

18
Q

What is the road built through the Amazon rainforest?

A

Trans-Amazonian Highway

19
Q

How long in km is the Trans-Amazonian Highway?

A

4,000km

20
Q

Give 2 examples of mineral extracted in Brazil

A

-gold
-copper

21
Q

What is the largest iron ore mine called?

A

Carajas

22
Q

How many workers work at Carajas?

A

3,000 workers

23
Q

Give 1 type of energy generated in rainforests

A

hydroelectric power

24
Q

Specific example of a hydroelectric power complex in Brazil

A

Belo Monte dam

25
Q

Opportunity of deforestation

A

Economic development

26
Q

Why does deforestation cause economic development?

A

-framing generates employment
-raw materials provides for industry (e.g. palm oil)
-provides cheap energy for industry
-improves infrastructure

27
Q

2 challenges of deforestation

A
  1. soil erosion
  2. climates change
28
Q

Why does deforestation cause soil erosion?

A

-soil must more vulnerable to torrential tropical rain
-soil is easily eroded and washed away

29
Q

Why does deforestation cause climate change?

A

-trees act as carbon sinks, less tress = more CO2 in atmosphere (contributing to enhanced greenhouse effect)
-when trees are burned CO2 is released into atmosphere

30
Q

3 examples of resources from rainforests

A

-cocoa
-banana
-sugar

31
Q

How much of the world’s oxygen do rainforests contribute?

A

28%

32
Q

5 ways to manage rainforests sustainably

A
  1. selective logging and replanting
  2. conservation and education
  3. ecotourism
  4. international agreements
  5. debt reduction
33
Q

Sustainable management of rainforests: selective logging & replanting

A

-planting new trees ensures ecosystem is sustainable
-trees are selected by professionals

34
Q

Sustainable management of rainforests: Ecotourism

A

-employs indigenous people as guides
-focus on nature

35
Q

Sustainable management of rainforests: International agreements

A

-The Forest Stewardship Council
-International Tropical Timber agreement 2006

36
Q

Sustainable management of rainforests: Debt reduction

A

-HIC invest in NEEs/ LICs in return for protecting rainforest
-e.g. USA invested £13.5million to Brazil to restore rainforest (DEBT FOR NATURE SWAPPING)

37
Q

How much rainfall in a rainforest annually?

A

2,000 to 10,000mm

38
Q

Soils in rainforests

A

-not very fertile
-nutrients in upper top soil, very quickly taken up by plants (trees and plants have SHALLOW roost in response)
-intense leaching reduces nutrient content of soil

39
Q

What animals live in the canopy (branches and leaves)?

A

birds - high above forest floor, feeding on seeds from nectar of flowering plants

40
Q

What animals live in the trees?

A

mammals - monkeys, sloths

41
Q

Snakes travel up the…

A

trunks of trees as a vertical highway - from forest floor to canopy

42
Q

Where do deer and rodents roam?

A

vegetation of forest floor

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