Resource Management Flashcards
What areas have a surplus of food
much of Europe, Asia, North + South America
Why might an area have a surplus of food?
moderate climate, fertile soils, advanced tech
What is it called when you don’t receive the basic nourishment required?
undernourishment or undernutrition
What areas are prone to water shortages and deficits?
Africa and Middle East
Is the UK an efficient producer of food?
yes - fertile soils, plenty of rainfall, mild temps, advanced tech
Does the UK have a sufficient water supply?
surplus in NW, deficit in SE - rarely an issue
Does the UK have sufficient energy supply?
large fossil fuel resources, several nuclear power plants, great potential for renewable due to appropriate climate
What are the changing Uk food demands?
organic produce, seasonal produce, local food
Why is there a demand for high-value food exports?
variety of produce in and out of season
Give 2 examples of high-value foods.
specialist honey or Madagascan vanilla
What are the positives of organic food?
fewer/ no pesticides, no fertilisers (less runoff), reduces disease in animals
What are the disadvantages of organic food?
expensive - farmers may have a lower yield (not all people can afford it)
Why has agribusiness become a trend?
increases yields, lowers costs - combining small farms into a large farm
What are the positives of local food?
creates jobs locally, sense of community, reduces pollution from food miles, products may have a higher nutritional value
What are the negatives of local food?
less variety (less cultural mix and diversity), difficult for those in cities, more expensive for consumers
How can we increase water supply nationally?
water transfer schemes, encourage people to conserve water, create reservoirs
How can we manage water quality in the UK?
green roofs and walls, pollution traps, waste water treatment, desalinisation plants
What are the advantages of fossil fuels?
creates jobs, reliable energy
What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?
burning of fossil fuels release greenhouse gases, imported from other countries (e.g. Russia, gas)
What are the advantages of renewables?
lower carbon emissions, offshore wind turbines can create habitats, jobs in research + development
What are the disadvantages of renewables?
high set up cost, only suitable in some climates, can disturb wildlife
Why is water important for well-being?
farming, industry, dispose waste, sustain life
Why is energy important for well-being?
machinery (agriculture), domestically - electricity, heating, light
Why is the global demand for food increasing?
-population growth
-economic development (more people with disposable income, more imports)
What factors affect food supply?
PPCCTW
-poverty
-climate
-conflict
-technology
-water supply
-pests and diseases
Example of poverty affecting food supply
South Sudan, Mali
Example of climate affecting food supply
Bangladesh - salty soil due to sea level rise
Example of conflict affecting food supply
Yemen - ongoing civil war
What are the impacts of food insecurity?
FUSSP
-famine
-undernutrition
-soil erosion
-rising prices
-social unrest
Example of social unrest due to food insecurity
Algeria 2011 (riot)
What is the difference between undernutrition and malnutrition?
under - lack of calories (805 million people)
mal - lack of vitamins and minerals
5 strategies to increase food supply
IAGBA
-irrigation
-aeroponics/ hydroponics
-the new green revolution
-biotechnology
-appropriate technology
Large scale agricultural development case study
Almeria, Spain (South coast)
How much of Europe’s fruit and veg does the Almeria greenhouses produce?
50%
What are the benefits to Spain of the Almeria greenhouses?
-$1.5 billion annually
-more trading opportunities for out of season produce
What are the challenges to Spain of the Almeria greenhouses?
-covers wide areas of land
-arid area
-plastic build up
Why is the Almeria scheme so effective?
-average temp of 20C
-3,000 hours of sun per year
-immigrant labour is cheap
3 ways to increase sustainable supply of food
-permaculture
-urban farming
-sustainable meat and fish
How can food loss be reduced?(LIC)
investing in LIC areas that lack storage facilities - e.g. 76% of food loss in sub-Saharan Africa is during handling and storage
How can food waste be reduced?
-plan weekly shop
-use leftovers
-buy wonky fruit and veg
How does urban farming increase sustainability of food supply?
reduces food miles, smaller scale - e.g. green roofs, Middlesborough urban farming scheme
How does permaculture increase sustainability of food supply?
agricultural systems that co-operate with nature - e.g. organic farming, eating seasonally
Physical characteristics of Jamalpur
-low average rainfall
-low elevation
-flooding from Himalayas
Human Characteristics of Jamalpur
-high population density
-65.5% of working population work in agriculture
How is rice-fish agriculture effective?
-protects rice from flooding
-protects fish from predators
-fish provides nutrients (protein)
-increases income
What were the impacts of the Jamalpur practical action?
-average household income increased by 4 times
-emigration decreased by 50%
-families had food for 3 meals a day
