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geography > PAPER 1: CASE STUDIES > Flashcards

PAPER 1: CASE STUDIES Flashcards

1
Q

HIC vs LIC earthquakes

A

L’Aquila, Italy (HIC)
Gorkha, Nepal (LIC)

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2
Q

L’Aquila: Richter scale

A

6.3

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3
Q

L’Aquila: deaths (PE)

A

309

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4
Q

L’Aquila: How many homeless? (PE)

A

over 4000

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5
Q

L’Aquila: How many sheltered at hotels?

A

10,000

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6
Q

L’Aquila: What did they do in 2020 to reduce economic impacts?

A

no taxes

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7
Q

L’Aquila: when?

A

2009

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8
Q

L’Aquila: What blocked roads and reduced access? (SE)

A

landslides

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9
Q

Gorkha: Richter scale

A

7.8

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10
Q

Gorkha: deaths (PE)

A

9000

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11
Q

Gorkha: How many homeless? (PE)

A

1 million

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12
Q

Gorkha: How many people did landslides and avalanches kill on Mount Everest?

A

19 people

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13
Q

Gorkha: How many tents?

A

500,000

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14
Q

Gorkha: What organisation provided aid?

A

Oxfam Emergency Aid

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15
Q

Gorkha: How much aid in $?

A

$274 million

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16
Q

Gorkha: 1 organisation who provided medical supplies

A

UN or WHO

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17
Q

Tropical storm example

A

Typhoon Haiyan 2013

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18
Q

Typhoon Haiyan: category on Saffir-Simpson scale

A

cat 5 (max)

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19
Q

Typhoon Haiyan: How big was the storm surge?

A

5m

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20
Q

Typhoon Haiyan: How much rainfall?

A

400mm

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21
Q

Typhoon Haiyan: 2 long term responses

A

-‘cash for work’ schemes
-no build zone

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22
Q

Typhoon Haiyan: 3 primary effects

A

-6190 died
-800,000 litres of oil leaked
-1.1 million crops destroyed

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23
Q

Typhoon Haiyan: One social secondary effect

A

4.1 million homeless

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24
Q

Typhoon Haiyan: 2 immediate responses

A

-1200 evacuation centres
-250,000 litres of water distributed

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25
Q

6 causes of deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest

A
  1. farming
  2. logging
  3. road building
  4. mineral extraction
  5. energy
  6. population growth
26
Q

Deforestation: Farming - what is farmed?

A

-cattle ranching accounts for 80% of deforestation
-soybeans, palm oil

27
Q

Deforestation: Logging - what woods are logged?

A

-teak
-mahogany

28
Q

Deforestation: Road building - one example

A

Trans-Amazonian highway

29
Q

Deforestation: Mineral Extraction - 2 examples + specific mine

A

-copper, gold
-Carajas (iron ore mine)

30
Q

Deforestation: Energy - HEP station example

A

Belo Monte Dam

31
Q

4 social opportunities of rainforests

A

-medicines (25% from rainforests)
-energy (HEP)
-resources (bananas, sugar)
-employment

32
Q

3 environmental opportunities of rainforests

A

-water (20% earth’s freshwater)
-biodiversity (50% world’s plants and animals)
-climate (trees C sinks)

33
Q

5 ways to sustainably manage rainforests

A
  1. international agreements
  2. debt reduction
  3. ecotourism
  4. selective logging and replanting
  5. conservation and education
34
Q

Sustainable Management: One international agreement example

A

International tropical timber agreement 2006

35
Q

Sustainable Management: One debt reduction example

A

£13.5 mil USA to Brazil (DEBT FOR NATURE SWAPS)

36
Q

4 opportunities in the Western Desert

A
  1. energy
  2. minerals
  3. tourism
  4. farming
37
Q

WD opportunities: Energy - 2 examples

A

-Hoover Dam (HEP - Lake Mead)
-Sonoran Solar Project (solar energy)

38
Q

WD opportunities: Tourism - 2 examples

A

-Las Vegas (31 mil visitors annually)
-National Parks, e.g. Grand Canyon

39
Q

WD opportunities: Farming - example

A

Coachella Valley

40
Q

3 WD challenges

A
  1. extreme temps
  2. lack of water supply
  3. inaccessible
41
Q

WD challenges: How do houses manage extreme temps of 50C?

A

thick earth walls, white washed walls

42
Q

WD challenges: Why is there a high water demand and how do they transfer water?

A

near Phoenix (golf courses, farms, homes) - transfer from Colorado river

43
Q

WD challenges: 2 new roads build to combat inaccessibility

A

-Route 66
-Route 70

44
Q

6 causes of desertification

A
  1. pop growth
  2. climate change
  3. deforestation
  4. overgrazing
  5. over cultivation
  6. soil erosion
45
Q

Sahel: Pop growth - how many live there?

A

over 200 million

46
Q

Sahel: Soil erosion - how does it cause desertification?

A

washes away top soil - leaves infertile sub-soil

47
Q

2 solutions to desertification

A
  1. afforestation
  2. appropriate/ intermediate tech
48
Q

Solutions to Sahel: Afforestation scheme example

A

The Great Green Wall in Africa - 15% complete

49
Q

Solutions to Sahel: 2 examples

A

-bunds
-fuel efficient stoves (reduces fuelwood + deforestation)

50
Q

Solutions to Sahel: 1 charity supporting

A

Practical Action

51
Q

Flood relief channel example

A

Jubilee River, Windsor

52
Q

Jubilee River: How much did it cost?

A

£110 million

53
Q

Jubilee River: How many homes protected?

54
Q

Jubilee River: How much does it cost to repair after flooding?

55
Q

4 economic activities in the lake district

A
  1. quarrying
  2. forestry
  3. farming
  4. tourism
56
Q

Lake District: Quarrying - 2 examples and how many active quarries?

A

-13 active quarries
-slate, limestone

57
Q

Lake District: Forestry - what wood does Ennerdale produce?

58
Q

Lake District: Tourism - 3 opportunities created

A

-£1.4 billion annually
-18,565 jobs created
-18 million tourists annually

59
Q

Lake District: Tourism - 2 challenges

A

-55% home are rental
-90% tourists travel by car

60
Q

Lake District: Solutions to tourism - 2 examples

A

-Ambleside: transport hub, controlled parking zones
-Cat Bells: resurfacing footpaths with boulders

geography (16 decks)

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