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Geography > The Living World Part 3 > Flashcards

The Living World Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is desertification

A

This is where the land slowly looses nutrients and becomes more desert like and unable to support a variety of plant and animal life

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2
Q

Why does an increasing population growth and migration increase desertification

A

Put more pressure on the areas as more people try to grow food to support themselves - takes nutrients out of the soil

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3
Q

How has climate change increased desertification

A

Less rainfall which destroys crop land

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4
Q

What are the 6 factors affecting desertification

A

Climate change, population growth, removal of fuel wood, overgrazing, over-cultivation and soil erosion

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5
Q

What are the 3 strategies to help reduce the risk of desertification

A

Water and soil management
Tree planting
Technology

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6
Q

How much farmland is Niger losing every year

A

250000 hectares

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7
Q

How far to people have to walk to collect water

A

25km

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8
Q

What are the 5 water and soil management.

A

Tree planting
Planting grass
Building small rock dams
Collecting rainwater on roofs
Building terraces

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9
Q

What does tree planting help reduce risk

A

Tree roots help stabilise the soil
Decomposing leaf litter adds nutrients to soil

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10
Q

What did the African Union propose to do

A

To plant a wall of trees called the great green wall across the entire Sahel region

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11
Q

What do the planting of trees provide

A

Work
Political cooperation which will reduce risk of conflict

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12
Q

What technology has been introduced to help cooking

A

Efficient stoves

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13
Q

What are the stoves made out of

A

Clay
Wood
Charcoal

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14
Q

What is classed as a cold environment

A

Are regions that experience sustained below freezing temps resulting in a short growing season and highly adapted wildlife

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15
Q

Where are polar/ tundra regions located

A

At high latitudes

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16
Q

Where are polar regions found

A

Areas surrounding the poles ( 90 degrees N and S)

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17
Q

Where are tundra regions found

A

High latitudes near the circles

18
Q

How is a tundra region characterised

A

Consistently frozen ground (permafrost ) which can thaw seasonally

19
Q

What is the soil like in a polar environment

A

Lacks nutrients as they are constantly frozen and covered in thick ice sheets

20
Q

How many people live in the artic

A

4 million people

21
Q

What is the soil like tundra regions

A

Nutrients is poor
Frozen permanently

22
Q

Where do plant grow in tundra areas

A

Low to the ground

23
Q

How are polar bears adapted

A

Layers of fat and insulating fur
White to camouflage
Balcony skin to absorb heat

24
Q

How is water loss reduced in plants

A

By thick waxy leaves

25
Q

What is the climate like in a tundra region

A

Cold windy and little rainfall

26
Q

How long does the summer season last in tundra regions

A

50-60 days

27
Q

What is permafrost

A

A layer of frozen soil underneath the earths surface

28
Q

How deep can permafrost go

A

450m

29
Q

How have cushion plants adapted to survive

A

Low growing which keeps them out of the wind

30
Q

How has the artic poopy adapted

A

Hairy stem to retain heat
Can track the sun for more sunlight

31
Q

How has cotton grass adapted

A

Low lying to protect from cold winds
Thin leaves to reduce water loss by transpiration

32
Q

How has lichen adapted

A

Does not need soil to grow
Withstand very cold temps survives beneath snow

33
Q

What are the 4 development opportunities in cold environments

A

Mineral extraction
Energy
Fishing
Tourism

34
Q

What minerals can you find in cold environments

A

Gold silver iron ore and copper

35
Q

How type of energy sources can you find in cold environments

A

Gas and oil

36
Q

How many tourist visited Antarctica in 2014

A

36000

37
Q

What 4 things cause problems for development

A

Extreme temps
Relief
Buildings
Infrastructure

38
Q

Why does relief cause problems

A

Mountainous areas make it inaccessible for vehicles to travel

39
Q

Why do buildings cause a problem

A

If permafrost begins to melt ground becomes unstable

40
Q

Why is infrastructure a problem

A

Building roads railways etc is very difficult to build on ground that is liable to melt

41
Q

What are the 4 things managing the risks facing cold environments

A

Technology
Governments
International agreements
Conservation groups

42
Q

How is technology used to reduce risk

A

To access minerals in a careful way to avoid destruction

Geography (23 decks)

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