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Geography > The Challenge Of Natural Hazards Part 1 > Flashcards

The Challenge Of Natural Hazards Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a natural hazard

A

Are extreme natural events that can cause loss of life, extreme damage to property or disrupt human activities

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2
Q

What are the 5 types of hazards

A

Geological
Hydrological
Climatological
Meteorological
Biological

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3
Q

What is a geological hazard

A

When the earth crust moves

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4
Q

What is a climatic hazard

A

Changes in earths climate

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5
Q

What are the four factors that affect hazard risk

A

Urbanisation, poverty, climate change, farming

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6
Q

What is the layers of earth from outside to inside

A

Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core

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7
Q

What are the two types of crust

A

Oceanic and continental

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8
Q

What is ridge push

A

When the weight of an elevated ridge pushes an oceanic plate towards the subduction zone

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9
Q

What is slab pull

A

When older denser tectonic plates sink into the mantle, pulling newer and less dense sections of plate along behind

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10
Q

What are convection currents

A

A movement within the earths mantle caused by the heat of the core

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11
Q

Where is oceanic crust found

A

Underneath the ocean

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12
Q

What are the properties of oceanic crust

A

Denser than continental crust and can be subducted

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13
Q

Where is continental crust found

A

Under land masses or continents

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14
Q

What are the properties of continental crust

A

Older than oceanic crust and is less often destroyed

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15
Q

Where are earthquakes found

A

Along all types of plate margins

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16
Q

Where are volcanoes found

A

Occur on constructive and destructive plate margins

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17
Q

What is a plate margin

A

Where two or more tectonic plates meet

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18
Q

Which plate boundary are most volcanoes located at

A

The pacific plate

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19
Q

What is a destructive plate margin

A

Involves an oceanic plate and a continental plate that move towards each other

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20
Q

How does an earthquake form at a destructive plate boundary

A

As the oceanic plate subduct’s under a continental plate it can get stuck causing friction and pressure to build up but once the pressure is finally released it causes seismic waves which is an earthquake

21
Q

How does a volcanic eruption happen at a destructive plate boundery

A

When the oceanic crust subduct’s under the continental crust it goes into the mantle as it is hot it melts and forms magma the pressure of the magma builds up it then escapes through weaknesses in the rock and rises up through a composite volcano

22
Q

What are eruptions at a composite volcano like

A

Violent with lots of steam gas and dust

23
Q

Why does the oceanic plate subduct’s under the continental plate

A

Because it is denser

24
Q

If two continental plates collide what happens

A

Neither can sink so the land goes upwards and forms fold mountains

25
Q

What is a constructive plate boundery

A

Plates move apart from one another

26
Q

What happens at a constructive boundary

A

Magma from the mantle rises up to make new land in the form of a shield volcano

27
Q

Can constructive plate margins cause earthquakes

A

Yes

28
Q

What is a conservative plate margin

A

The plates move past each other or are side by side moving at different speeds

29
Q

What happens at a conservative plate margin

A

As the plates move, friction occurs and plates become stuck pressure builds up when pressure is released sends out energy causing an earthquake

30
Q

What are earthquakes like at a conservative plate margin

A

Destructive

31
Q

How many people were killed/injured in chile earthquake

A

Around 500 killed and 12000 injured

32
Q

How many were affected by chile

A

800000

33
Q

How many buildings/places were destroyed in chile

A

22000 homes 4500 schools 53 ports and 56 hospitals and the Santiago airport

34
Q

What was lost in many places over chile

A

Water electricity and communication

35
Q

What were triggered by the chile earthquake and what got damaged because of it

A

Landslides. Damaged 1500km of road Debris covered roads

36
Q

Why is having blocked road after an earth quake bad

A

Cut of rural communities and slowed relief efforts

37
Q

What water event got triggered in chile and what did it damage

A

An tsunami which destroyed coastal towns and ports

38
Q

How many were killed and injured in nepals earthquake

A

9000 killed and 20000 injured

39
Q

How many people were affected by Nepal earthquake

A

8 million

40
Q

How many were left homeless in Nepal

A

3 million

41
Q

How many schools and shops were destroyed in nepal

A

7000 schools and 50% of shops ( leading to shortage of food and supplies)

42
Q

What was severely affect in Nepal

A

Power water and communication

43
Q

How many people were in urgent need of food water and shelter in nepal

A

1.4 million

44
Q

What was the cost of damage in Nepal

A

USD 5 billion

45
Q

What are the primary effects of an earthquake

A

Building and bridges collapse
Homes destroyed
People injured and killed
Transport networks are damaged
Power water and communications cut off

46
Q

What are the secondary effects of an earthquake

A

Landslides and tsunamis
Leaking gas pipes can result in fire
People left homeless
Shortage of clean water and lack of sanitation could lead to disease

47
Q

What are the immediate responses to a tectonic hazard

A

Stop loss of life
Rescue people
Put out fires
Give shelter to homeless
Provide water and food

48
Q

What are the long term responses to earthquake

A

People are rehoused
Repair buildings transport and communication networks
Improve infrastructure

Geography (23 decks)

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