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Geography > The Living World Part 2 > Flashcards

The Living World Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the layers of a rainforest from bottom to top

A

Shrub layer/forest floor
Under canopy
Canopy
Emergents

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2
Q

What is the layer of soil from top to bottom

A

Vegetation
O horizon
A horizon
B horizon
C horizon
R horizon

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3
Q

What is the o horizon

A

Where there is leaf litter

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4
Q

What is the A horizon

A

Thin top layer of dark decomposed matter also known as humus

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5
Q

What is the B horizon

A

Thickest most infertile layer

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6
Q

What stain the b horizon red/yellow colour

A

Oxides of iron and aluminium

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7
Q

What is the c horizon

A

Weathered parent rock. Clay produced due to intense chemical weathering

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8
Q

What is the r horizon

A

Bedrock

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9
Q

What is the fancy word for soil

A

Latosol

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10
Q

How have buttress roots adapted to rainforest

A

Large wide Roots to support tree as the roots only grow a short distance downwards as soil is infertile

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11
Q

How have lianas adapted to rainforest

A

Rely own other plants for growth and survival start on forest floor and grow up tree to receive more sunlight

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12
Q

How have epiphytes adapted to rainforest

A

Grows on the side of trees which allows them to receive more sunlight

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13
Q

How are stilt roots adapted

A

Provide support and nutrients for plant

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14
Q

What is the adaptations of drip tips

A

Allows water to run of easily stopping algae from growing so can receive as much sunlight as possible

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15
Q

What are the 6 thing from the rainforest that people value

A

Native food crops
Wild meat and fish
Building materials
Energy from HEP
water supplies
Medicines

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16
Q

How many prescriptions of drugs come from plants in the rainforest

A

120

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17
Q

How much of our cancer fighting drugs come from the rainforest

A

25%

18
Q

What are the 4 thing from the rainforest that are valuable to the environment

A

Air purification
Water and nutrients recycling
Protection from soil erosion
Habitats for a lot of wildlife

19
Q

What are the 4 ways to manage the rainforest sustainably

A

Selective logging and replanting
Conservation and education
Ecotourism
International agreements about the use of tropical hardwood

20
Q

How do they pick which trees to cut down in selective logging

A

They study the area
And they mark which trees are suitable for economic gain

21
Q

Who are allowed to fell the trees

A

Licence holders

22
Q

How many years does it take for the selective logging cycle to happen

A

30-40 years

23
Q

What is some places in the rainforest get turned into for education

A

Nature reserves or national parks

24
Q

What does ecotourism aim to do

A

To introduce people to the natural world to benefit local communities and protect environment for the future

25
Q

What does ecotourism generate

A

An income for locals and government so they don’t cut down trees for short term profit

26
Q

What restricts the trade of hardwood trees

A

The international tropical timber agreement (2006)

27
Q

What is a debt reduction scheme

A

This where HICs agree to wipe out the debts of LICs so there isn’t as much pressure to cut down the rainforest for economic activities to pay back debt

28
Q

What is the work that NGOs do

A

Promote conservation through education
Provide training for conservation workers
Provide practical help with sustainable schemes
Buy up threatened areas and make them nature reserves

29
Q

Where are hot deserts found

A

Between 15 and 30 degrees north and south of equator

30
Q

What is the climate like in a desert

A

Hot and dry

31
Q

How much rainfall is there annually in a hot desert

A

Less that 250mm

32
Q

Is there little or big variations in the temp at a desert during day and night

A

Big

33
Q

What are desert soils like

A

Sandy or stony with little organic matter due to the general lack of leafy vegetation making most of it infertile

34
Q

In some areas what is found in the soil

A

Calcium

35
Q

Desert biodiversity is what than any other global ecosystem

A

Lower

36
Q

What are plants that survive the dry conditions called

A

Xerophytic

37
Q

How have drought tolerant trees adapted

A

Acacia trees have developed short fat trunks and act as reservoirs for water
Fire resistant and can spread up to 50m in search of water

38
Q

How have cacti adapted

A

Saguaro and prickly pear are called succulent they store water in their tissue
Cacti spikes deter consumers and minimise transpiration

39
Q

How have flowering plants adapted

A

The yellow daisy only germinates after heavy rains
Bright colours helps attract insects for pollination

40
Q

How have lichen adapted

A

They use there own acid to break rock chemically down to get nutrients

Geography (23 decks)

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