The Living World Part 2

Question 1

What are the layers of a rainforest from bottom to top

Answer 1

Shrub layer/forest floor
Under canopy
Canopy
Emergents

Question 2

What is the layer of soil from top to bottom

Answer 2

Vegetation
O horizon
A horizon
B horizon
C horizon
R horizon

Question 3

What is the o horizon

Answer 3

Where there is leaf litter

Question 4

What is the A horizon

Answer 4

Thin top layer of dark decomposed matter also known as humus

Question 5

What is the B horizon

Answer 5

Thickest most infertile layer

Question 6

What stain the b horizon red/yellow colour

Answer 6

Oxides of iron and aluminium

Question 7

What is the c horizon

Answer 7

Weathered parent rock. Clay produced due to intense chemical weathering

Question 8

What is the r horizon

Answer 8

Bedrock

Question 9

What is the fancy word for soil

Answer 9

Latosol

Question 10

How have buttress roots adapted to rainforest

Answer 10

Large wide Roots to support tree as the roots only grow a short distance downwards as soil is infertile

Question 11

How have lianas adapted to rainforest

Answer 11

Rely own other plants for growth and survival start on forest floor and grow up tree to receive more sunlight

Question 12

How have epiphytes adapted to rainforest

Answer 12

Grows on the side of trees which allows them to receive more sunlight

Question 13

How are stilt roots adapted

Answer 13

Provide support and nutrients for plant

Question 14

What is the adaptations of drip tips

Answer 14

Allows water to run of easily stopping algae from growing so can receive as much sunlight as possible

Question 15

What are the 6 thing from the rainforest that people value

Answer 15

Native food crops
Wild meat and fish
Building materials
Energy from HEP
water supplies
Medicines

Question 16

How many prescriptions of drugs come from plants in the rainforest

Answer 16

120

Question 17

How much of our cancer fighting drugs come from the rainforest

Answer 17

25%

Question 18

What are the 4 thing from the rainforest that are valuable to the environment

Answer 18

Air purification
Water and nutrients recycling
Protection from soil erosion
Habitats for a lot of wildlife

Question 19

What are the 4 ways to manage the rainforest sustainably

Answer 19

Selective logging and replanting
Conservation and education
Ecotourism
International agreements about the use of tropical hardwood

Question 20

How do they pick which trees to cut down in selective logging

Answer 20

They study the area
And they mark which trees are suitable for economic gain

Question 21

Who are allowed to fell the trees

Answer 21

Licence holders

Question 22

How many years does it take for the selective logging cycle to happen

Answer 22

30-40 years

Question 23

What is some places in the rainforest get turned into for education

Answer 23

Nature reserves or national parks

Question 24

What does ecotourism aim to do

Answer 24

To introduce people to the natural world to benefit local communities and protect environment for the future

Question 25

What does ecotourism generate

Answer 25

An income for locals and government so they don’t cut down trees for short term profit

Question 26

What restricts the trade of hardwood trees

Answer 26

The international tropical timber agreement (2006)

Question 27

What is a debt reduction scheme

Answer 27

This where HICs agree to wipe out the debts of LICs so there isn’t as much pressure to cut down the rainforest for economic activities to pay back debt

Question 28

What is the work that NGOs do

Answer 28

Promote conservation through education Provide training for conservation workers Provide practical help with sustainable schemes Buy up threatened areas and make them nature reserves

Question 29

Where are hot deserts found

Answer 29

Between 15 and 30 degrees north and south of equator

Question 30

What is the climate like in a desert

Answer 30

Hot and dry

Question 31

How much rainfall is there annually in a hot desert

Answer 31

Less that 250mm

Question 32

Is there little or big variations in the temp at a desert during day and night

Answer 32

Big

Question 33

What are desert soils like

Answer 33

Sandy or stony with little organic matter due to the general lack of leafy vegetation making most of it infertile

Question 34

In some areas what is found in the soil

Answer 34

Calcium

Question 35

Desert biodiversity is what than any other global ecosystem

Answer 35

Lower

Question 36

What are plants that survive the dry conditions called

Answer 36

Xerophytic

Question 37

How have drought tolerant trees adapted

Answer 37

Acacia trees have developed short fat trunks and act as reservoirs for water Fire resistant and can spread up to 50m in search of water

Question 38

How have cacti adapted

Answer 38

Saguaro and prickly pear are called succulent they store water in their tissue Cacti spikes deter consumers and minimise transpiration

Question 39

How have flowering plants adapted

Answer 39

The yellow daisy only germinates after heavy rains Bright colours helps attract insects for pollination

Question 40

How have lichen adapted

Answer 40

They use there own acid to break rock chemically down to get nutrients