The Challenge Of Natural Hazards Part 5

Question 1

How many cars were lost during boscastle

Answer 1

50

Question 2

How many people were stranded during boscastle

Answer 2

150

Question 3

How many houses were destroyed

Answer 3

80

Question 4

What much was the insurance claims

Answer 4

£4 million

Question 5

What happened at boscastle

Answer 5

A flash flood where 75 mm of rain fell in 2 hours

Question 6

Where is boscastle located

Answer 6

A small village home to 900 people and is situated in Cornwall on the north coast

Question 7

Boscastle is also located on a confluence of how many rivers

Answer 7

3

Question 8

How much did the environmental agency invest into flood defences

Answer 8

£10 million

Question 9

What flood defences did they put into boscastle

Answer 9

Widening and deepening river
Removing low bridges
Raising car park and using permeable surface
Tree management

Question 10

What date did boscastle flood occur

Answer 10

16th august 2004

Question 11

What caused the flood

Answer 11

Heavy rainfall
Ground was already saturated( no filtration)
Drainage basin is steep and has impermeable surface ( surface runoff)
At confluence of 3 rivers

Question 12

How many litres of water rushed down the valley causing the rivers to overflow

Answer 12

2 billion

Question 13

What are the social issues of flood

Answer 13

ReConstruction took many years which meant local were disrupted
New bridge is not popular with locals as it is out of character compared to rest of building
People had to be evacuated and lost homes
Around 60 houses destroyed

Question 14

What are the economic issues with flood

Answer 14

Businesses destroyed - no income
Flood defence scheme costed over £4 million
80 cars were damaged
Loss of tourism

Question 15

What were the environmental issues with flood

Answer 15

Habitats and wildlife lost
Cars and debris polluted sea
Riverbanks were eroded
Loss of agricultural land

Question 16

What was the beast from the east

Answer 16

A snow storm

Question 17

When did the beast from the east happen

Answer 17

Jan 2018

Question 18

What caused a beast from the east

Answer 18

There was a sudden stratospheric warming
Caused a huge rise in air temp of about 50 degrees about 18 miles above North Pole
Caused weakening in jet stream
And allowed cold air from Russia to go over Europe

Question 19

What are the four periods called

Answer 19

Quaternary
Tertiary
Cretaceous
Jurassic

Question 20

What are the long periods of time called

Answer 20

Period

Question 21

What are the short period of time called

Answer 21

Epochs

Question 22

What is the period of time we are currently living in called and how long has been around

Answer 22

Quaternary period and stretches back to over 2.6 million years

Question 23

What happened during the quaternary period

Answer 23

Global temp drops

Question 24

What are the two epoch in the quaternary period

Answer 24

Pleistocene and Holocene

Question 25

What are the two eras called

Answer 25

Mesozoic and Cenozoic

Question 26

Before reliable data records what was used to determine what climate was like back then

Answer 26

Tree rings, fossil pollen, ice cores, ocean sediment,

Question 27

Why was natural recorders an unreliable way to find out what the climate was like

Answer 27

Only indicate climate change rather than specific accurate temp

Question 28

How did ice cores allow us to see what the climate used to be like

Answer 28

There was gases trapped in them and this allowed them to see temp

Question 29

What does a thicker ring on a tree tell us

Answer 29

Shows that the year was wetter and warmer

Question 30

What are the 4 pieces of evidence for recent climate change

Answer 30

Glaciers are shrinking and retreating Sea level has risen by 10-20cm Tree flowering and bird mitigation is advancing 134 billion tonnes of ice has melted in Antarctica since 2002

Question 31

What are the possible natural causes for climate change

Answer 31

Orbital change, solar output and volcanic activity

Question 32

What are the three theories involving orbital change

Answer 32

The earths orbit changes from spherical to elliptical then back to spherical. The earth spins on an axis- the tilt alters between 21.5 and 24.5 every 41000 years As earth is not a perfect sphere precession happens

Question 33

How does solar output affect climate change

Answer 33

The more sunspots the more energy the sun gives off resulting in solar flares increasing earths temp

Question 34

How does volcanic activity effect climate change

Answer 34

Large ash clouds are released into atmosphere millions of tonnes of Sulfur dioxide mixes with water vapour this can reflect suns light and reduce heat entering our atmosphere

Question 35

What are the possible human causes of climate change

Answer 35

Fossil fuel Agriculture Deforestation

Question 36

Why are fossil fuels bad for environment

Answer 36

Release carbon dioxide adding to the greenhouse gas effect

Question 37

How much to fossil fuels contribute to the greenhouse gas emissions

Answer 37

50%

Question 38

Why is agriculture bad for environment

Answer 38

Cattle release methane which contributes to greenhouse effect

Question 39

How much does agriculture contribute to greenhouse gases

Answer 39

20%

Question 40

Why is deforestation bad for environment

Answer 40

Trees are a natural carbon dioxide sink. Removing trees mean more co2 in air as it is not removed

Question 41

How does climate change effect environment

Answer 41

Glaciers are shrinking and melting - loss of polar habitats Sea levels are rising Coral reefs are bleaching

Question 42

How does climate change effect people

Answer 42

Increase or decrease in temp and effect vulnerable Places that are at risk of flooding will migrate causing overcrowding Farmers could either grow more or less crops If there is decrease in crops less food