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Geography > The living world > Flashcards

The living world Flashcards

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1
Q

What is one reason why rainforests have high temperatures throughout the year

A
  • Due to the curvature of the earth the energy from the sun is more concentrated
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2
Q

Why is the nutrient cycle so efficient in the tropical rainforest

A
  • There is high biodiversity which provides a large amount of fallout as tissue dies
  • High temperatures and wet climate is ideal conditions for decomposers
  • There is little leaching (nutrients washed away) as the vegetation is dense
  • Wide buttress roots help the trees rapidly absorb nutrients in the soil
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3
Q

What are two reasons for deforestation in the tropical rainforest

A
  • Trees are cleared and the wood is sold
  • Trees are removed to use as land for grazing cattle
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4
Q

Explain an environmental impact of deforestation in the tropical rainforest

A
  • Contribution to climate –> fewer trees means less CO2 is going to be absorbed and will rather contribute to climate change and global warming
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5
Q

What are some challenges in the Moroccan Sahara

A
  • Extreme heat
  • Inaccessibility
  • Water supply
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6
Q

What is the reason for the distribution of tropical rainforests

A

Heat from the sun causes to the air to rise leading to heavy rain all year round

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7
Q

What are economic developments in the rainforest

A
  • Development of land for mining, farming leads to jobs such as construction
  • Forest is cleared to make space for cattle farming which creates profit
  • Commercial logging and paper companies make profit
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8
Q

What environmental damage can happen to the rainforest due to development

A
  • Loss of habitat
  • Loss of biodiversity
  • Loss of medical benefits
  • Increased carbon dioxide released
  • Pollutants may wash into rivers
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9
Q

How does ecotourism help managing rainforests

A

People stay in huts and the money they pay could be used for conservation and support the local economy

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10
Q

How does selective logging encourage sustainable management

A

Involves feeling trees when only fully mature and letting younger trees grow, this also protects the ground from soil erosion

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11
Q

What opportunities are present in the desert

A
  • Tourism
  • Solar energy
  • Minerals, phosphorus
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12
Q

What challenges are present in the desert

A
  • Extreme heats
  • Limited precipitation
  • Accessibility
  • Fragile ecosystem
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13
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A natural environment which includes the flora and fauna that live and interact within that environment

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14
Q

What is a producer

A

Plants which begin the food chain by making energy from carbon dioxide and water, photosynthesis

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15
Q

What is a consumer

A

An organisms which obtains its energy by eating other organisms

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16
Q

What are changes to an ecosystem caused by natural factors

A
  • Floods
  • drought
  • fire
  • disease
17
Q

What are changes to an ecosystem caused by human factors

A
  • pH levels altered
  • Introducing more fish
  • altering the drainage of the land
  • altering the nutrients level of the water e.g. eutrophication
18
Q

Plant adaptations in the rainforest

A
  • Buttress roots
  • Drip tip leaves
  • Tree trunks
  • Epiphytes
19
Q

How are buttress roots an adaptation

A

Large roots, creates a large surface area of balance and to gather nutrients to grow

20
Q

How are drip tip leaves an adaptation

A

Leaves with pointy tips, allows water to run off them without damaging or breaking them

21
Q

How are tree trunks an adaptation

A

Tall and thin to allow trees to reach the sunlight.
Smooth bark allows water to flow down to the roots easily

22
Q

How are epiphytes an adapation

A

Plants which live on the branches of trees high up in the canopy, they get their nutrients from the air and water, not the soil

23
Q

What are animal adaptations in the rainforest?

A
  • Toucan
  • Sloth
  • Poison/ non poisonous dart frog
24
Q

How has a sloth adapted

A

Uses camouflage and moves very slowly so its predators do not notice them

25
Q

How has a toucan adapted

A

Long beaks which allow it to reach and cut branches with fruits on which don’t support its weight

26
Q

How has a poisonous/ non poisonous dart frog adapted

A

The bright colour scares away predators as they associate the colour with poison

27
Q

Threats to the rainforest

A
  • Logging
  • Farming
  • Mining
  • Roads
  • Population growth
  • Hydroelectric power
28
Q

How can rainforests be sustainable managed?

A
  • Selective logging
  • Education
  • Ecotourism
  • International agreements
29
Q

Plant adaptations in the desert?

A
  • Small leaves
  • Tap roots
  • Spines
  • Water storage
30
Q

How is small leaves an adaptation in the desert

A

Limits surface area so less water is lost by transpiration

31
Q

How are tap roots an adaptation in the desert

A

Long roots which reach deep under ground to access water supplies

32
Q

How are spines an adaptation in the desert

A

Lose less water than leaves and also protect the plant from animals

33
Q

How is water storage an adaptation in the desert

A

Water can be stored in stems, leaves, trunks. Stored so they have water access with the low precipitation levels

34
Q

How is a camel adapted to the desert

A
  • Thick tongue, can eat food off thorny bushes
  • Hump which stores fat and can be turned into energy
  • Long eyelashes to avoid sand in their eyes
  • Fur which keeps them warm and they can shed in warmer months
  • Wide hooves to stop them from sinking in the sand
35
Q

Causes of desertification

A
  1. Overgrazing
  2. Over cultivating
  3. Population growth
  4. Removal of wood
36
Q

Strategies to reduce desertification

A

Great green wall of Africa - drought resistant acaia trees, across 11 countries, roots hold the soil together, also gives people jobs

Magic stones - allows more time for the water to infiltrate into the soil causing it to not erode and become infertile

Water management - water can be held in dams in the water seasons and be used on crops in the dry season

Geography (12 decks)

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