Resource management Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is food important

A

People need to be well fed to be productive at work and contribute to the economic development of their country

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2
Q

Why is water important

A

Essential for people and animals to drink, but is vital for crops and food supply and also as a source of power

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3
Q

Why is energy important

A

Energy is required for domestic development, energy consumption is increasing as the world becomes more developed and demands increase

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4
Q

How is demand for food changing

A

People seek greater variety, year rounded availability, healthier options, resulting in growing demand of
- exotic, high value food from abroad
- out of season produce available all year
- wider availability of organic alternatives

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5
Q

What does organic produce mean

A

it is grown without the use of artificial chemicals e.g. fertilisers, pesticides
- it has become popular although higher labour costs make it more expensive
- it is usually associated with buying local produce and producing seasonal food

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6
Q

How does local sourcing of food reduce its carbon footprint

A
  • supermarkets and small shops are increasingly selling and promoting locally produced foods
  • farmers sell directly from the farm to help support the rural economy
  • the carbon footprint is reduced by cutting down on food miles
  • farmers can often sell imperfect produce which supermarkets refuse to sell, reducing food waster
  • farmers may also offer ‘pick your own’ this reduced the farmers costs of harvesting etc and reduces carbon footprint
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7
Q

What is agribusiness

A

Large commercial farms
- use high tech, modern, specialised equipment to maximise production
- use new tech and take a sustainable approach

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8
Q

How is demand for water changing in the UK

A

Demand for water is high
- Population increase
- greater use of domestic appliances
- increased use for leisure, watering
-rapid growth of house building

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9
Q

What parts of the UK are in water surplus and water deficit

A

North and West are in surplus as there is high levels of rainfall with low evaporation rates
The South and East are in deficit due to dry weather

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10
Q

What are water transfer schemes

A

schemes which attempt to match supply and demand by moving water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit

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11
Q

What are the strong oppositions to the water transfer scheme

A
  • Enormous cost associated with constructing the necessary infrastructure
  • Potential damage to ecosystem as water is transferred from one part of the country to another
  • greenhouse gases produced when fossil fuels are used to generate the extra electricity needed to pump water over large distances
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12
Q

What are the main causes of water pollution

A
  1. Agricultural pollution
  2. Urban water pollution
  3. Industrial pollution
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13
Q

What is agricultural pollution

A
  • Organic matter such as milk, food, crops are highly polluting to watercourses
  • The bacteria already present in the water use the organic matter to multiply and at the same time remove oxygen from the water
  • reducing oxygen causes fish to die
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14
Q

How to stop agricultural pollution

A
  • Farmers use less chemicals and not apply near rivers
  • keep animals 50m away from sources of water
  • plant vegetation breaks around fields to prevent runoff
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15
Q

What is urban water pollution

A
  • Detergents from washing machines and run off from houses, are the main source of water pollution in urban areas
  • sustainable drainage systems are ways to reduce urban water pollution
  • leaky sewages
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16
Q

What is industrial pollution

A
  • Highly toxic mine water contaminated local water supplies
17
Q

How is the UK’s energy changing

A
  • from 1990 to 2020
  • renewable sources such as wind and solar energy have become more important
  • whereas 3/4 used to come from coal and oil, all non-renewable
18
Q

What have the UK’s trends in energy changed

A
  1. Recent developments –> new development of offshore wind farms
  2. Reduced domestic sources of energy –> UK is no longer self sufficient, increasingly dependent on important energy
19
Q

Economic and environmental issues with fossil fuels

A

Fracking
- causes possibilities of earthquakes
- pollution of underground water sourced
- high cost of extraction
- noise and emissions from heavy vehicles required to transport the water needed in the process

20
Q

Economic impacts of nuclear power

A
  • very expensive to build
  • High costs for producing energy
  • decommissioning old nuclear power plants is expensive
  • provides jobs and boosts the economy
21
Q

Environmental impacts of nuclear power

A
  • Produces fewer emission than sources such as coal
  • storage and processing of radioactive waste is a big problem
  • Risk of radioactive leaks
22
Q

Economic issues with wind farms

A
  • High construction costs
  • May reduce visitors, negatively impacting local economy
  • May attract visitors
23
Q

Environmental issues with wind farms

A
  • Visual impact on landscape
  • Avoid harmful emissions, reduce carbon footprint
  • Noise from wind turbine
  • Construction and access roads can affect the environment