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Geography > BRISTOL > Flashcards

BRISTOL Flashcards

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1
Q

Importance of Bristol

A
  • 2 universities
  • largest concentration of silicon chip manufacture outside California
  • mix of religion
  • Culture and entertainment
  • Tourism, 7th most popular city
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2
Q

Why is Bristol an important international city

A
  • Good transport links, M4 corridor, easy access to London
  • airport links to Europe and USA
  • change from traditional industry to global industries (tobacco –> finance)
  • Bristol uni attracts worldwide producing many grads who go into knowledge-based jobs
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3
Q

What impacts have migrants had in Bristol

A
  • Enriching culture into the city
  • Part of a hard working and motivated workforce
  • Improving level of skill
  • Contribution to economy
  • Pressures on housing and employment
  • The need to provide education to kids whose first language is not english
  • Mainly young migrants balance ageing population
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4
Q

Example of Bristol culture

A

St Pauls Carnival attracting around 40,000 each year
–> aims to improve relations between the European, African, Caribbean and asian communities

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5
Q

What social opportunities does Bristol have to offer

A
  • Very culturally mixed city
  • Recreational activities
  • Entertainment
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6
Q

Examples of Bristols cultural mix

A

Art:
- Banksy
- Graffiti workshops
Museums:
- Reflect the cultural changes in the city
Festivals:
- Bristol Harbour Festival
Food and music:
- diversity of food outlets
- vibrant underground music scene, jazz, folk, rock

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7
Q

Examples of Bristols recreational activities

A
  • River Avon, provides opportunities for fishing, walking, boating
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8
Q

Examples of Bristols entertainment

A
  • ranges from musical theatre to sports and shopping
  • City and Rovers football teams
  • Bristol bears, rugby team
  • Cribbs Causeway, shopping centre
  • Cabot circus, shopping in the city centre
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9
Q

How has urban Change created economic opportunities in Bristol

A
  • Highly skilled youthful entrepreneurs from Uk and abroad come to the city
  • Research and development is carried out in local universities
  • Improved infrastructure has been installed to support super fast broadband
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10
Q

How has employment in Bristol changed

A
  • Bristols traditional industries were based on its function as a port, e.g. tobacco from Caribbean
  • The closure of the city centre port left empty warehouse
  • Now major development have been in the tertiary and quaternary sector
  • many high tech industries have been developed
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11
Q

What global companies have their home in Bristol

A

Aardman animations

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12
Q

What environmental opportunities has Bristol created

A
  • Bristols integrated transport system (ITS)
  • Urban greening
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13
Q

What is Bristols integrated transport system (ITS)

A
  • Involves creating a plan that links the various transport systems into one single integrated network
  • It aims to improve accessibility in and around Bristol, reduce congestion and transport costs
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14
Q

So far, what developments have taken place due to Bristols integrated transport system

A
  • New cycle routeways link with the Temple Quarter Enterprise zone
  • Metrobus rapid transit system, aims to provide a fast and reliable integrated transport system connecting suburban housing areas with retail parks, motorway junctions, unis
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15
Q

How is urban greening an environmental opportunity

A
  • involves planting tees, public parks, creating green areas
  • it helps to reduce pollution, absorbs water to reduce flood risk, creates wildlife habitats, improves people mental health and wellbeing
  • also helps combat climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide
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16
Q

What actions has Bristol taken for Urban Greening

A
  • Queen square, once a dual carriageway is now an open green space with cycle routes
  • more than 1/3 of Bristol is open space
  • 400 parks and gardens
  • Council provides free vegetable plants for community groups
17
Q

What social and economic challenges has urban change caused for Bristol

A
  • Urban deprivation
  • Inequalities in housing
  • Education
  • Health
  • Employment
18
Q

How has urban change caused the challenge of urban deprivation

A
  • Deprived communities may have high population densities, congested roads, few shops or parks and suffer from high crime rates and unemployment
  • Filwood is a very deprived area of Bristol
19
Q

How has urban change caused the challenge of housing inequality

A
  • A huge surge in demand has seen house prices in Bristol rise dramatically
  • there is a shortage in housing, particularly in low income groups
  • there is shortage in affordable housing to rent
  • Bristol has a high % of people who are homeless or living in temp accommodation
20
Q

How has urban change caused the challenge of education

A
  • Significant inequalities in education attainment
  • Kids in the areas of highest urban deprivation have the lowest level of education attainment
  • Filwood, very deprived also has the highest entitlement to free school meals
21
Q

How has urban change caused the challenge of health

A
  • Challenge of healthcare is due to the wealth inequality
  • Deprived wards, Filwood have a lower levels of good health and life expectancy
  • Deprived areas have higher levels of obesity, smoking and premature mortality
22
Q

How has urban change caused the challenge of employment

A
  • Employment rate is one of the highest in UK cities
  • Highest level of unemployment come from the deprived areas, where children achieve low levels of education and lack the necessay skills for employment prospects
23
Q

What environmental challenges has Urban change created in Bristol

A
  • Dereliction
  • Waste disposal
24
Q

How has the challenge of dereliction been caused by urban change

A
  • Decline in industries associated with the port, increase in post-industrial economy with high-tech jobs
  • Former industrial areas may be polluted with dangerous substances which are expensive to clean up and make safe again
25
Q

Where are the main areas of dereliction in Bristol

A
  • The inner city centre holds the concentration of redundant industrial buildings
  • STOKES CROFT - filled with many empty buildings from local industries and workers abandoned houses, these houses are being renovated and the area has become an artistic hub
26
Q

What is a brownfield site

A

Land which has already been developed

27
Q

What is a green field site

A

Land that has never been built on, often on the edge of urban areas

28
Q

Disadvantages of building on brownfield sites

A
  • Costly challenges, clearing waste, decontaminating polluted land, constructing modern infrastructure
29
Q

How is the challenge of waste disposal caused by urban change

A
  • Bristol population has grown massively and disposing of all waste is a challenge
  • Landfill sites are in short supply and alternatives emit greenhouse gas
  • Actions on waste reduction (waste recycling) have reduced domestic waste amount
  • Waste that can not be recycled is used to generate electricity
30
Q

How has Bristols urban change led to Urban sprawl

A
  • Rapidly growing population fuelled mainly by migration from UK and abroad
  • Shortage of affordable housing in the city centre
  • Competition for land in city centre on brownfield sites causing land prices to rise steeply
  • Improvements in transport infrastructure enabling people to commute
  • many people wish to live in less polluted, rural areas
31
Q

What is the impact of urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe

A
  • concerns about loss of countryside and the impacts on wildlife biodiversity and habitats
  • levels of traffic congestion
  • noise and air pollution
  • BRISTOL GREEN BELT land is protected from new developments such as housing, counters the urban sprawl
32
Q

What is urban regeneration

A

Aims to reverse the decay of an urban area, can involve demolishing areas of slum housing or derelict buildings to create brownfield sites for new developments

33
Q

What area of Bristol has been regenerated

A

Areas around the ports and docks became derelict
It was regenerated including the area around the railway station and is known as TEMPLE QUARTER

34
Q

What did the regeneration of Temple Quarter bring to Bristol

A
  • it created new economic opportunities for small business
  • it built an attractive and clean environment and supported the local community
35
Q

Main features of the Temple Quarter regeneration scheme

A
  • Temple meads station to receive an upgrade
  • Workplaces and residential areas
  • Area for high-tech and creative businesses
  • TEMPLE GATE SCHEME
36
Q

What is the temple gate scheme

A
  • it provides tourists and commuters with their first impression of the city
  • it aims to revive the run-down nature of the area, improving the environment and creating an efficient integrated transport hub
37
Q

The main features of the temple gate scheme

A
  • Segregated pedestrian and cycle routes
  • new pedestrian and cycle crossings
  • better public transport facilities
  • creation of bus priority lanes to improve bus journey times and reliability
38
Q

How successful is the Temple Quarter regeneration

A

-More than 4000 jobs have been created
- Many firms from different industries have moved into the area
- The area has been transformed to create an attractive and accessible environment

Geography (12 decks)

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