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Geography > The Living World > Flashcards

The Living World Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A complex natural system made up of plants, animals and the environment.

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2
Q

Give examples of different scales of ecosystems.

A

Small -pond
Global - Biomes

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3
Q

What are biotic and abiotic features of ecosystems?

A

Biotic - plants, animals, fish
Abiotic - climate, soil, light

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4
Q

What are the 6 key features of an ecosystem?

A

Producers, consumers, a food chain, a food web, decomposers, nutrients cycle.

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5
Q

What do producers do?

A

Convert energy from the sun by photosynthesis into carbohydrates for growth

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6
Q

What do consumers do?

A

Get their energy from eating producers, creating food chains and webs

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7
Q

What does a decomposer do?

A

Break down dead plants and animals to add nutrients to the soil

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8
Q

What is the nutrients cycle?

A

The nutrients the decomposers produced is used by plants

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9
Q

What natural changes can affect an ecosystem?

A

Climate change has created extreme weather - droughts can kill fish which breaks the food chain

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10
Q

Human changes that impact ecosystems?

A

Removal of hedgerows, fertilisers, woods being cut down, draining ponds.

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11
Q

What is a biome?

A

Usually defined by the dominant type of vegetation growing there

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12
Q

What determines climate and characteristics of ecosystems?

A

Global Atmospheric Circulation

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13
Q

Which was do the biome belts cross the earth.

A

West to East

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14
Q

Where are tropical rainforests found?

A

A few degrees either side of the equator.

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15
Q

Climate of rainforests?

A

High rainfall and high temperatures all year.

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16
Q

What are latosols and why are they important?

A

They are the type of soils in rainforests and are very infertile due to leaching from heavy rain

17
Q

Why is the biodiversity of tropical rainforest extraordinary?

A

Because they have adapted to a fragile ecosystem that is vulnerable to change.

18
Q

What percentage of Malaysia is covered by tropical rainforest.

A

67%

19
Q

What are the causes of deforestation in Malaysia?

A

Logging, Road construction, energy development, mineral extraction, population pressure, commercial farming, subsistence farming

20
Q

What are the impacts of deforestation in Malaysia?

A

Soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, climate change

21
Q

Economic gains of deforestation?

A

Job creation, Tax revenue, Infrastructure, HEP, mineral sale

22
Q

Economic losses of deforestation?

A

Water pollution, fires, rising temperature could devastate farming, medicines from plants become extinct, less tourism

23
Q

Which countries have the highest rates of deforestaion?

A

Brazil, Indonesia, Myanmar

24
Q

Why should rainforests be protected?

A

Biodiversity, climate change, resources, threats to indigenous people

25
Q

How to manage deforestation?

A

Selective logging, conservation and education, ecotourism, international agreements

26
Q

Characteristics of cold environments?

A

Low temperatures, strong winds, arid,

27
Q

What plant is adapted to cold environments and how?

A

Bearberry - low growing for wind protection, thick bark for stability, small leathery leaves to keep moisture, hairy stem for insulation, red berries to attract birds to spread seeds.

28
Q

Cold environment case study?

A

Svalbard, Norway

29
Q

Where is Svalbard?

A

Group of Islands in Arctic Ocean, close to midland ridge

30
Q

Development opportunities in svalbrad?

A

Coal mining, geothermal energy, fishing, tourism

31
Q

Challenges for development in Svalbard?

A

Extreme temperatures, construction on permafrost, services, accessability

32
Q

What are the risks of economic development?

A

expoilation of oil and gas can cause pollution which can kill trees, cause fire risk, polluted river

33
Q

Why should cold environments be protected?

A

Science, indigenous people, variety of wildlife, forestry and fishing, wild beauty

34
Q

How can risks of cold environments be reduced?

A

Using technology, action by governmetns, conservation groups.

35
Q

What biome is the UK?

A

Temperate deciduous.

36
Q

UK ecosystem case study?

A

Epping forest

37
Q
A

Geography (9 decks)

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