The Living Cell Flashcards
What Are The Three Parts of The Cell Theory?
- All Living Things Are Made of Cells
- Cells are the basic unit of life
- All cells come from other cells
What are the two types of Cells?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes are single or multi-celled?
Single
Do Prokaryotes have Nucleuses?
No
Can Eukaryotes be single-celled?
Yes
What makes Eukaryotes different from Prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes have a nucleus
What did Lynn Margulis propose?
A concept called Endosymbiosis
What is Endosymbiosis?
It is a theory by Margulis that says that organelles within a cell were once capable of living alone by themselves
What is the job of the Nucleus?
It is the control center of the cell
What does the Nucleus consist of?
Chromatin (blocks that make up Chromosomes), and the Nucleolus
What is the barrier of the Nucleus called?
The Nuclear Envelope
What is the job of the Chromatin?
To make chromosomes; also contains DNA
What is the job of the Nucleolus?
It makes ribosome components
What is the job of the Nuclear Envelope?
It’s job is to encase the Nucleus
What is the job of the Cytoplasm?
It is a place where cell metabolism takes place
What are the components of the cytoskeleton?
The Microtubules, Microfilaments, and Intermediate Filaments
What is the job of the Microtubule?
It gives structure to the cell; forms roads for organelles to move along
What is the job of the Microfilaments?
Changes the cell shape; acts like contraction; helpful for moving the entire cell body
What is the job of the Intermediate Filament?
It is the spider-web of the cell; holds everything together
What is the job of a Vesicle?
To act as a short term storage sack
What is the job of the Mitochondria?
It enables cellular respiration; powerhouse of cell
What is the job of a Free Ribosome?
It helps make proteins for use inside the cell
What is the job of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
To produce proteins for use outside the cell
What is the job of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
To make Lipids
What is the job of the Golgi?
To package, sort, and distribute Proteins
What is the job of a Lysosome?
To break down used cell parts
What is the job of a Vacuole?
To store food, water, and waste
What is the job of a Peroxisome?
To break down toxins, and to convert fats into carbohydrates
What is the job of a Centriole?
To be used in Cell Division
What is a Centriole made of?
Microtubules
What is the job of a Cell Wall?
To give structure to a plant cell
Do animal cells have cell walls?
No, only plant cells do
What is the job of a Chloroplast?
To do photosynthesis (make food) for a plant cell
What is the role of Cilia and Flagella?
To move the cell around; Cilia is hair, Flagella is tail
Do Plants have Centrioles?
No
T or F: The Cell Membrane is Actively Permeable
F, it is Selectively Permeable
What is a Peripheral Protein?
Protein on the surface of phospholipid bilayer
What is an Integral Protein?
Protein inside the phospholipid bilayer
What are the 5 types of Integral Proteins?
Transport Protein, Receptor Protein, Cell Marker Protein, Enzymes, and Cytoskeleton Helper
What are the two types of Transport Proteins?
Channel and Carrier
How does a Receptor Protein work?
Receptor fits signal molecule, triggering response
What are the two types of Receptor Proteins?
Intracellular and Membrane Receptor
What is the difference between Intracellular and Membrane Receptor?
Intracellular –> Go inside cell for delivery
Membrane –> Deliver message at membrane
What is the job of a Cell Surface Marker?
To act as a name tag; also has carbohydrate attached
What is the job of a Cytoskeleton Helper?
To act as attaching points for the cytoskeleton
Carbohydrate + Protein =
Glycoprotein
Carbohydrate + Lipid =
Glycolipid
