Physical Geography Flashcards
What does continent and continent convergence make? Give an example
Inner Mountain Ranges; Himalayas
What does transform collision make?
It makes earthquakes and fault lines
What does continent and continent divergence make? Give examples
Mixture (of valleys, lakes, volcanoes, and seas); Mt Kilimanjaro, Red Sea
What does ocean and continental convergence make? Give an example
It makes coastal volcano/mountain ranges; Andes Mountains
What does ocean and ocean convergence make? Give examples
It makes volcanic chains; Indonesia, Philippines, and Japan
What does ocean and ocean divergence make? Give an example
It makes underwater ridges; Mid-Atlantic Ridge
What are Moraines?
Sediment that is pushed along by a glacier
What is the difference between erosion and weathering?
Erosion: wind and air moves the particles away
Weathering: wind and air degrades rock; rock stays in place
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather is short term, climate is long term
The Spring _______ has a day length that is _______
Equinox; Equal (12 hours day, 12 hours night)
The Summer _________ has a day length that is ______
Solstice; Longer (more day than night)
The Fall _________ has a day length that is ________
Equinox; Equal (12 hours day, 12 hours night)
The Winter ________ has a day length that is ________
Solstice; Shorter (less day than night)
Where are the low latitudes located on a map?
24 degrees below and above equator
Where are mid-latitudes located on a map?
24-65 below and above the equator
Where are high latitudes located on a map?
At the very top and bottom
What are the effects of elevation?
- Elevation starts from ground
- Thin air means cold air
What is the difference between Elevation and Altitude?
- Altitude is ground to sky
- Elevation is ground to tip of rock
Wind Patterns: ______ air replaces _____ air
Cool; Warm
Wind in the North Hemisphere rotates…
Clockwise
Wind in the South Hemisphere rotates…
Counterclockwise
What are some impacts of ocean currents?
- They flow in same direction as wind
- Affect climate of land
What is El Niño?
Changes currents that should be flowing to Australia
What are the effects of El Niño?
It brings flooding to South America, and drought to Australia
What is Continentality?
When an absence of water = more dramatic weather changes
What is the Rain Shadow effect?
When a dry area occurs on the leeward side of a mountain
What does leeward mean?
Side that isn’t touching ocean; has deserts
What does a rain shadow effect diagram look like?
ocean with windward side ^ desert with leeward side
How many climate regions are there?
12
How many moderate climate regions are there? Which ones are they?
4; Mediterranean, Marine West Coast, Humid Continental, Humid Subtropical
Which climate region has hot/dry summers and mild/rainy winters?
Mediterranean
Which climate is known as “Wet and Dry” and has 30-50” of rain in summer and <4” of rain in winter?
Tropical Savanna
What is a famous example of a Tropical Savanna?
The Serengeti Plain
Which latitude zone has tropical climates?
Low latitude zone
Which climate region varies the most?
Subarctic
Where can you find subarctic zone?
Right below the arctic circle
Which climate region is bitterly cold and has constant light or dark periods?
Tundra
Where can you find the largest amount of flora and fauna?
Tropical Rainforests
What trees are prevalent in Tropical Rainforests?
Evergreens
Most plants in the Tropical Rainforest are ________
Shade-resistant
What climate region has cool summers and damp winters?
Marine West Coast
Why does the UK have a Marine West Coast climate?
Because of the North Atlantic Drift
Which climate regions have hot days but cooler nights?
Desert and Steppe
What is the difference between Desert and Steppe?
Desert has less rain
What is a key characteristic of vegetation in the desert/steppe area?
Drought-resistant
What is the term for an area where trees stop growing?
Timberline
How is the rain frequency like in Humid Subtropical?
Year-long
Humid Subtropical Vegetation?
Grasslands with mixed forests
Humid Subtropical is also found in…
NY, Chicago, NE China, South Canada
