Biomolecules

Question 1

How many bonds can Carbon form?

Answer 1

4, because it has 4 valence electrons

Question 2

How do you count carbon in rings?

Answer 2

You always start from the top-right carbon

Question 3

What is an Empirical formula?

Answer 3

A formula that shows the atoms and atom count in a molecule

Question 4

What is a Structural formula?

Answer 4

A formula that shows atom arrangement

Question 5

What are isomers?

Answer 5

Compounds with same empirical formula, different structural formula and different properties

Question 6

What is a monomer?

Answer 6

The building block molecule, which makes up polymers, which make up macromolecules

Question 7

monomer + monomer →

Answer 7

polymer

Question 8

polymer + polymer →

Answer 8

macromolecule

Question 9

What is Dehydration Synthesis?

Answer 9

A reaction where you make a polymer plus water

Question 10

What is Hydrolysis?

Answer 10

A reaction where you break a polymer, using water

Question 11

What are the 4 macromolecules of life?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 12

Do carbohydrates have ratios? If so, what is it?

Answer 12

Yes; 1-2-1 ratio of C,H,O

Question 13

Name the monomer for carbohydrates

Answer 13

Monosaccharide

Question 14

How much energy does a gram of carbohydrate make?

Answer 14

4kcal/gram

Question 15

What is the job of a carbohydrate?

Answer 15

To store and transport energy

Question 16

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 16

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 17

What is a monosaccharide? Name 3 common ones

Answer 17

It is a simple sugar! Ex: Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose

Question 18

What is a disaccharide? Name a common one

Answer 18

Di = 2, so a disaccharide is a double sugar; Sucrose

Question 19

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 19

It is a group of monosaccharides, that help with energy storage and are support molecules

Question 20

Name 4 examples of polysaccharides, and what they do

Answer 20

Plant starch → Plant Energy Storage

Glycogen → Animal Energy Storage

Cellulose → Plant structural material; inedible

Chitin → Exoskeleton component in animals

Question 21

Do lipids have a ratio? If so, what is it?

Answer 21

Not really; lipids have fewer oxygen atoms than carbon atoms

Question 22

What are the monomer(s) for lipids?

Answer 22

Fatty acids and a glycerol (C3H8O3)

Question 23

Are lipids polar?

Answer 23

No, they are non-polar

Question 24

What is a triglyceride?

Answer 24

3 fatty acid tails attached to a glycerol

Question 25

What are the two groups of lipids?

Answer 25

Triglycerides and non-triglycerides

Question 26

Triglycerides can be...

Answer 26

fats and oils

Question 27

The two types of triglycerides are:

Answer 27

Saturated and Unsaturated Lipids

Question 28

Saturated lipids have:

Answer 28

Single C-C bonds; solid at room temp

Question 29

Unsaturated lipids have:

Answer 29

Double C=C bonds; liquid at room temperature

Question 30

Non-triglycerides include:

Answer 30

Steroids, Hormones, Cholesterol, and Phospholipids

Question 31

What is a phospholipid made up of?

Answer 31

A phosphate, and two fatty acids

Question 32

What is a steroid made up of?

Answer 32

A ring structure of hydrocarbons (no fatty acids)

Question 33

How much energy do triglycerides give?

Answer 33

9 kcal/gram

Question 34

What jobs do triglycerides have?

Answer 34

Insulation and waterproofing

Question 35

What do phospholipids make?

Answer 35

Make up cell membrane

Question 36

Cholesterol job?

Answer 36

Makes vitamins, also found in blood and nerve cells

Question 37

Steroid hormone job?

Answer 37

Acts as chemical messenger

Question 38

Monomer for Protein?

Answer 38

Amino Acid

Question 39

What elements make up Proteins?

Answer 39

CHONS

Question 40

What bond is in a Protein?

Answer 40

Peptide bond

Question 41

What makes up a protein?

Answer 41

Carboxyl Group, Amino Group, R Group, and Single Hydrogen (CARS)

Question 42

What is Denaturation?

Answer 42

When shape changes due to temperature

Question 43

Primary Organization?

Answer 43

Sequence of Amino Acids

Question 44

Secondary Organization?

Answer 44

Helix or Pleated (aka are they folded or twisted) ; hydrogen bonds

Question 45

Tertiary Organization?

Answer 45

Fold for 3D shape ; disulfide bonds

Question 46

Quaternary Organization?

Answer 46

Clumps of Tertiary

Question 47

What are the 4 functions of Protein?

Answer 47

Transport, Regulation, Protection, and Structure (TRPS)

Question 48

Nucleic Acid Monomer? Elements?

Answer 48

Nucleotide ; CHONP

Question 49

2 types of Nucleic Acid?

Answer 49

DNA and RNA

Question 50

DNA job?

Answer 50

Contains information to build protein, commander acid

Question 51

RNA job?

Answer 51

Protein synthesis moderator