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Medicine, Year 1 Block 3 (You Are What You Eat) > The Liver, Biliary System and Pancreas > Flashcards

The Liver, Biliary System and Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Why are the liver, gallbladder and spleen considered to be organs associated to the GI tract?

A

They all produce secretions which feed into the GI tract and help facilitate digestion of food

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2
Q

Embryonically, where is the spleen developed from?

A

The dorsal meso-gastrum and hence is found in the foregut region

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3
Q

Why is the liver considered an accessory digestive gland?

A

Due its ability to synthesise bile

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4
Q

What two quadrants of the abdomen is the liver found in?

A

Predominantly RUQ, but also extends a little into LUQ

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5
Q

Superiorly, the liver can extend up to which rib?

A

The 4th rib

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6
Q

In terms of the nine abdominal regions, where can the liver be found?

A

Predominantly right hypochondrium and epigastric region. Also extends a little into left hypochondrium

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7
Q

What separates the left and right lobes of the liver?

A

Falciform ligament

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8
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

A ligament which separates the right and left lobes

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9
Q

Why is the falciform ligament not considered a ligament in the classical sense?

A

It is more a double folded peritoneum

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10
Q

Embryonically, where is the liver derived from?

A

The ventral meso-gastrum

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11
Q

There are two sacs in the peritoneal cavity, what are they called?

A

Greater sac and lesser sac

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12
Q

The liver has two main surfaces, what are they?

A 
Diaphragmatic surface (associated with the diaphragm)
Visceral surface (associated with visceral organs)
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13
Q

What is the hepato-renal recess also known as?

A

Pouch of Morrison

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14
Q

Why is the pouch of Morrison particularly important?

A

It is the most deepest part of the abdominal peritoneal cavity when a patient is supine

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15
Q

What is the function of the falciform ligament?

A

Attachment of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

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16
Q

The falciform ligament splits superiorly into..?

A

The coronary ligament

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17
Q

Inferior to the falciform ligament is…?

A

Ligamentum teres

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18
Q

Where does the fundus of the gallbladder lie?

A

At the tip of the 9th costal cartilage

19
Q

On which plane does the gallbladder lie?

A

Transpyloric plane

20
Q

What is the “bare area” of the liver?

A

A large triangular surface of the liver which has no peritoneal covering

21
Q

Which large vein can be seen embedded in the posterior aspect of the liver?

A

Inferior vena cava

22
Q

What are the names given to the three hepatic veins which drain into the inferior vena cava?

A

Right hepatic vein
Left hepatic vein
Middle hepatic vein

23
Q

The gallbladder can be divided into three main sections: What are they?

A

Neck
Body
Fundus

24
Q

The neck of the gallbladder drains into..?

A

The cystic duct

25
Q

The bile duct is formed from the joining of which ducts?

A

The cystic duct and hepatic duct

26
Q

Aside from the left and right lobes of the liver, what other lobes are there and what are their locations?

A

Quadrate lobe: Inferior / Anterior

Caudrate lobe: Posterior / Superior

27
Q

What structure separates the caudate and quadrate lobe?

A

Porta hepatis (Hilum of the liver)

28
Q

What comprises the portal triad?

A

Hepatic portal vein
Common bile duct
Hepatic artery proper

29
Q

What are the two major vessels supplying blood INTO the liver?

A

Hepatic artery

Hepatic portal vein

30
Q

In total how many lobes are there in the liver?

A

8

31
Q

The common bile duct along with the ___ drains into the ______?

A

Alongside the pancreatic duct drains into the duodenum

32
Q

What are the two functions of the spleen?

A

Filtration and storage of red blood cells

Immune function

33
Q

Which of the germ layers is the spleen derived from?

A

Mesodermal origin

34
Q

Of the nine regions of the abdomen, is the spleen located in?

A

Left hypochondrium

35
Q

The simultaneous enlargement of both liver and spleen is called..?

A

Hepatosplenomegaly

36
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

Storage and concentration of the bile

37
Q

In which portion of the duodenum is the Hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater found?

A

D2 - Descending

38
Q

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

A

It is a structure formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct

39
Q

The hepatopancreatic ampulla / Ampulla of Vater is located where on D2?

A

The major duodenal papilla

40
Q

What is the diagnostic procedure used to examine disease of the liver, bile duct and pancreas?

A

ERCP

41
Q

What is choleslithiasis?

A

Gallstones in the gallbladder

42
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys?

A

Homeostasis and removal of excess organic molecules from blood

43
Q

What is a ureter?

A

Connection between kidneys and bladder

Medicine, Year 1 Block 3 (You Are What You Eat) (14 decks)

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