Anatomy of Digestion and Defacation

Question 1

Which three muscles comprise the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Answer 1

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominus

Question 2

Where does the external oblique begin, and in which direction does it travel?

Answer 2

It has a wide origin: 8 digitations from the inferior 8 ribs. Passes down in an inferior-medial orientation

Question 3

The external oblique when it inserts onto the pubic tubercle, becomes a ligament - what is it called?

Answer 3

Inguinal ligament

Question 4

What direction does the internal oblique muscle travel in?

Answer 4

Superomedially

Question 5

What direction does the transversus abdominus muscle travel in?

Answer 5

Transversely

Question 6

The rectus abdominus has how many tendinous insertions?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

At the arcuate line, what happens?

Answer 7

The aponeurosis of all three muscles of the anterolateral abdominal pass anterior to the rectus abdominus

Question 8

Above the arcuate line, which muscle’s aponeurosis of the anterolateral wall splits around the rectus abdominus?

Answer 8

Internal oblique

Question 9

What is the function of the anterolateral wall?

Answer 9

The increasing of intra-abdominal pressure (Valsalva maneoveure)

Question 10

At what level do the muscles of the anterolateral wall turn aponeurotic?

Answer 10

9th costal cartilage

Question 11

In a male, what passes through the inguinal canal?

Answer 11

Spermatic cord

Question 12

What is an inguinal hernia?

Answer 12

A protrusion of abdominal-cavity contents through the inguinal canal

Question 13

There are two openings from the inguinal canal - what are they called?

Answer 13

Deep inguinal ring

Superficial inguinal ring

Question 14

The superficial inguinal ring is formed from which muscle?

Answer 14

External oblique

Question 15

The deep inguinal ring is formed from which muscle?

Answer 15

Transversus abdominus

Question 16

Of the peritoneum, there are two surfaces - what are they called?

Answer 16

Parietal peritoneum

Visceral peritoneum

Question 17

What is the mesentary?

Answer 17

A double fold of peritoneum which attaches the intestines to the wall

Question 18

What is the omentum?

Answer 18

A fold of peritoneum connecting the stomach with other abdominal organs

Question 19

What structure follows the duodenum?

Answer 19

Jejunum

Question 20

What is the difference in the vascularity between the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 20

There are shorter vasa recta and more arcades in the ileum compared to the jejunum

Question 21

The ileum has more Peyer’s patches, what are they?

Answer 21

Aggregation of lymphoid nodules

Question 22

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

Answer 22

2% of the population, there is a slight bulge in the small intestine which is 2 inches long, 2 feet away from ileo-cecal junction and comprises of 2 different types of ectopic mucosa

Question 23

How long is the large intestine?

Answer 23

5 feet long

Question 24

In the large intestine, there are two flexures - what are they called?

Answer 24

Right colic and left colic flexure

Question 25

The unique feature of the large intestine is the presence of Haustra - what are they?

Answer 25

Bulges along the length

Question 26

In which segment of the large intestine will the solidification of stools take place?

Answer 26

Sigmoid colon

Question 27

What is the thickness of the Jejunum?

Answer 27

> 3 cm

Question 28

What is the thickness of the Ileum?

Answer 28

< 3cm