Anatomy of Digestion and Defacation Flashcards
Which three muscles comprise the anterolateral abdominal wall?
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominus
Where does the external oblique begin, and in which direction does it travel?
It has a wide origin: 8 digitations from the inferior 8 ribs. Passes down in an inferior-medial orientation
The external oblique when it inserts onto the pubic tubercle, becomes a ligament - what is it called?
Inguinal ligament
What direction does the internal oblique muscle travel in?
Superomedially
What direction does the transversus abdominus muscle travel in?
Transversely
The rectus abdominus has how many tendinous insertions?
3
At the arcuate line, what happens?
The aponeurosis of all three muscles of the anterolateral abdominal pass anterior to the rectus abdominus
Above the arcuate line, which muscle’s aponeurosis of the anterolateral wall splits around the rectus abdominus?
Internal oblique
What is the function of the anterolateral wall?
The increasing of intra-abdominal pressure (Valsalva maneoveure)
At what level do the muscles of the anterolateral wall turn aponeurotic?
9th costal cartilage
In a male, what passes through the inguinal canal?
Spermatic cord
What is an inguinal hernia?
A protrusion of abdominal-cavity contents through the inguinal canal
There are two openings from the inguinal canal - what are they called?
Deep inguinal ring
Superficial inguinal ring
The superficial inguinal ring is formed from which muscle?
External oblique
The deep inguinal ring is formed from which muscle?
Transversus abdominus
Of the peritoneum, there are two surfaces - what are they called?
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum
What is the mesentary?
A double fold of peritoneum which attaches the intestines to the wall
What is the omentum?
A fold of peritoneum connecting the stomach with other abdominal organs
What structure follows the duodenum?
Jejunum
What is the difference in the vascularity between the jejunum and ileum?
There are shorter vasa recta and more arcades in the ileum compared to the jejunum
The ileum has more Peyer’s patches, what are they?
Aggregation of lymphoid nodules
What is Meckel’s diverticulum?
2% of the population, there is a slight bulge in the small intestine which is 2 inches long, 2 feet away from ileo-cecal junction and comprises of 2 different types of ectopic mucosa
How long is the large intestine?
5 feet long
In the large intestine, there are two flexures - what are they called?
Right colic and left colic flexure
The unique feature of the large intestine is the presence of Haustra - what are they?
Bulges along the length
In which segment of the large intestine will the solidification of stools take place?
Sigmoid colon
What is the thickness of the Jejunum?
> 3 cm
What is the thickness of the Ileum?
< 3cm
