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Medicine, Year 1 Block 3 (You Are What You Eat) > Chewing, Swallowing and Churning > Flashcards

Chewing, Swallowing and Churning Flashcards

1
Q

The gut can be embryonically divided into which three components?

A

The embryonic foregut
The embryonic midgut
The embryonic hindgut

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2
Q

Which artery supplies oxygenated blood to the embryonic fore-gut?

A

Celiac artery

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3
Q

Which artery supplies oxygenated blood to the embryonic mid-gut?

A

The superior mesenteric artery

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4
Q

Which artery supplies oxygenated blood to the embryonic hind-gut?

A

The inferior mesenteric artery

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5
Q

What are the borders of the embryonic foregut?

A

Oesophagus to the Pancreas

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6
Q

What are the borders of the embryonic midgut?

A

Distal duodenum to the Proximal 2/3 transverse colon

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7
Q

What are the borders of the embryonic hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3 transverse colon to the Proximal anal canal

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8
Q

Which hammock shaped sheath of muscle lies posterior to the mouth?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

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9
Q

Which structure lies posterior to the mouth?

A

Palatoglossal folds

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10
Q

What are the two cavities of the mouth?

A

The vestibule cavity

The oral cavity proper

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11
Q

What are the three main salivary glands of the mouth?

A
  1. Parotid gland
  2. Sublingual gland
  3. Submandibular gland
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12
Q

Which of the two oral cavities is the parotid gland located?

A

Vestibular cavity

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13
Q

Which of the two oral cavities is the submandibular gland located?

A

Oral proper cavity

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14
Q

Which of the two oral cavities is the sublingual gland located?

A

Oral proper cavity

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15
Q

Describe the type of salivary secretion the parotid gland provides

A

Serous

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16
Q

Describe the type of salivary secretion the submandibular gland provides

A

Mixed

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17
Q

Describe the type of salivary secretion the sublingual gland provides

A

Mucous

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18
Q

What is the cell histology type of the oesophagus?

A

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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19
Q

What are the names given to the two oesophageal sphincters?

A

Upper and lower oesophageal sphincter

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20
Q

What are the three anatomical constrictions of the Oesophagus?

A
  1. Pharyngo-oesophageal junction
  2. Tracheal bifurcaton
  3. Gastro-oesohageal junction
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21
Q

What are the six muscles of mastication

A 
Temporalis muscle
Masseter muscle
Buccinator
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
Obicularis Oris
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22
Q

All of the muscles of mastication elevate the mandible except one, which one?

A

Lateral pterygoid

23
Q

In the oropharynx, what are the names given to the outer and inner folds?

A 
Palatoglossal folds (outer)
Palatopharyngeal folds (inner)
24
Q

What is the length of the oesophagus?

A

25 cm

25
Q

What are the vertebral references for the start and end points of the oesophagus?

A

C6 till T10

26
Q

In terms of histology, what is one way you can identify the GOJ?

A

There is a change in histology, which is a transition from stratified squamous to simple column. This can be visually seen as a change in colouration (pink to red epithelium)

27
Q

What is the histology of the stomach?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

28
Q

The GOJ is located how far away from the incisor teeth?

A

40 cm

29
Q

What is the arterial supply of the stomach?

A

Coeliac trunk (embryonically derived from the foregut)

30
Q

Which sphincter is located inferior to the stomach?

A

Pyloric

31
Q

What is the length of the duodenum?

A

25 cm

32
Q

What are the four segments of the duodenum?

A

D1 - Superior
D2 - Descending
D3 - Horizontal
D4 - Ascending

33
Q

What is the length of the parotid duct?

A

5 cm

34
Q

What is the length of submandibular gland?

A

5 cm

35
Q

What kind of the joint is the TMJ?

A

Synovial

36
Q

Which muscle of mastication move food from the Vestibule to the Oral Cavity Proper?

A

Masseter

37
Q

Which muscles of mastication lie posterior to the Masseter?

A

Lateral & Medial pterygoid

38
Q

The lateral pterygoid plate arises from which plate?

A

The lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

39
Q

The medial pterygoid plate arises from which plate?

A

The medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

40
Q

Which of the pyterygoid muscles run in the same direction as the masseter muscle?

A

Medial pterygoid

41
Q

What structure runs between the palatoglossal and palatophyrangeal folds?

A

Palatine tonsils

42
Q

The oesophagus pierces what at T10?

A

The diaphragm

43
Q

What type of muscle comprises the upper oesophageal sphincter?

A

Skeletal muscle - hence can be under voluntary control

44
Q

What type of muscle comprises the lower oesophageal sphincter?

A

Smooth muscle

45
Q

The lower oesophageal sphincter is reinforced by what?

A

Right diaphargmatic crus

46
Q

What are the lower three segments of the abdomen?

A

Left inguinal, suprapubic, right inguinal

47
Q

What are the middle three segments of the abdomen?

A

Left lumbar, umbilical, right lumbar

48
Q

What are the upper three segments of the abdomen?

A

Left hypochondriac, epigastric, right hypochondriac

49
Q

The lymph of the stomach runs to…?

A

The celiac nodes

50
Q

The peristaltic and secretory action of the stomach is due to which nerve?

A

The vagus nerve

51
Q

What are rugae?

A

Longtudinal folds in the stomach

52
Q

The pyloric sphincter lies on which plane?

A

Transpyloric plane

53
Q

What are the five segments of the Pancreas called?

A

Uncinate process, Head proper, Neck, Body, Tail

Medicine, Year 1 Block 3 (You Are What You Eat) (14 decks)

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