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MD2002 > The Leg > Flashcards

The Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boarders of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superiorly - Biceps femoris, semimembranous and the tendon of semitendinosus.
Inferiorly - Lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius.
Floor - femur

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2
Q

How does the adductor canal open into popliteal fossa?

A

It opens at the adductor hiatus in adductor magnus at the adductor tubercle.

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3
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A
  • Popliteal artery and vein with their branches and tributaries.
  • Tibial nerve.
  • Common fibular nerve.
  • Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh.
  • Terminal part of small saphenous vein.
  • Lymph nodes.
  • Fat.
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4
Q

When is the popliteal artery at risk? and why

A

Dislocation of the knee or a supracondylar fracture of femur. This is because the popliteal artery lies on the femur.

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5
Q

What is the role of popliteus?

A

It laterally rotates the femur when it contracts, unlocking the knee.

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6
Q

What are the attachments of poplitus?

A

Posterior surface of tibia to the lateral condyle and lateral meniscus of femur.

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7
Q

Describe the locking of the knee

A

Flat surfaces of femoral condyles in contact with tibial plateaus. The femur rotates medial to lock the knee. Vastus medialis locks the knee, aided by glut max and TFL

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8
Q

Describe how the knees unlock

A

The femur must rotate laterally to unlock, this occurs due to contraction of popliteus.

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9
Q

Describe how a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament can occur and the clinical sign to test it

A

It occurs due to posterior impact. The clinical sign is called an anterior drawer sign, it shows the tibia moving forward.

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10
Q

Describe how a ruptured posterior cruciate ligament can occur and the clinical sign to test it

A

It can occur from anterior impact. The clinical sign is called the posterior drawer sign, is shows the tibia moving posterior.

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11
Q

What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment and what is their function and what are they supplied by?

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris. They all plantarflex the ankle and gastrocnemius flexes the knee. Supplied by posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve.

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12
Q

What is special about plantaris?

A

Like palmaris longus, is it a spare muscle with a small belly and long tendon so it can be used to do tendon repairs

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13
Q

What is the sural nerve formed by and why is it special

A

Formed by lateral cutaneous sural nerve from deep peroneal nerve and the medial cutaneous sural nerve from the tibial nerve. It can be used as a nerve graph

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14
Q

What does the small saphenous vein merge with and what is it accompanied by?

A

It merges with deep veins to form the popliteal vein. It is accompanied by the sural nerve.

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15
Q

What are gastrocnemius, soleus (and sometimes plantaris) collectively known as? and what is their role

A

Triceps Surae (meaning calf). They propel the body forward off the planted foot during walking. Elevates the body upward onto toes.

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16
Q

What is the common insertion for the posterior superficial muscles

A

The posterior surface of calcaneous via the calcaneal tendon

17
Q

What are the Deep flexors of the leg? and what are they supplied by?

A

Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior. Supplied by tibial nerve

18
Q

What are the actions of the deep flexors of the leg?

A

FHL - Flexes big toe. FDL - flexes lateral 4 digits. Tibialis Posterior - plantarflexion, inversion and maintains medial longitudinal arch

19
Q

Describe the Achilles reflex

A

Elicted by striking the Calcaneal tendon. It tests S1 ans S2 spinal segments.

20
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment and what are they are supplied by?

A

Tibialis anterior, EHL, EDL. They are supplied by the anterior tibial artery and deep fibular nerve

21
Q

Describe features of the deep fibular nerve

A

Arised between Fibularis longus and neck of fibula. Descends between tibialis anterior and EHL. Accompanied by anterior tibial artery

22
Q

Describe features of the anterior tibial artery

A

Passes anterior to IO membrane. Descends between tibialis anterior and EHL. At the ankle is becomes dorsalis pedis

23
Q

What is fibularis tertius?

A

It is fibres of the EDL

24
Q

What are the functions of the extensors of the leg?

A

EHL - extension of big toe and dorsiflexion. EDL - extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion. Tibialis anterior - dosiflexion and inversion. FIbularis tertius - eversion and dorsiflexion.

25
Q

What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg? What are they supplied by?

A

Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis. They are supplied by the perforating branches of the anterior tibial and fibular artery and the superficial fibular nerve

26
Q

What are the actions of fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

A

Longus - eversion and plantarflexion.

Brevis - Eversion of the foot

MD2002 (108 decks)

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