Osteology and circulation of the upper limb Flashcards
Name and point to all of the different bones in the upper limb?
Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpus, Metacarpus, Phalanges
What is significant about the clavicles surfaces?
Its superior side is smooth and the inferior is rough due to tendons and muscles attaching there
How can the Medial and Lateral ends of the clavicle be described?
Medial - round
Lateral - flat
What are the names of the proximal/medial and distal/lateral ends of the clavicles?
Medial - Sternal end
Lateral - Acromial end
What is the name of the bump on the inferior surface near the lateral end of the clavicle?
Conoid tubercle
What is the facet on the lateral end of the clavicle called?
Acromial facet
What is the name of the line on the clavicle found between the conoid tubercle and the acromial facet?
The trapezoid line
What is the groove that runs inferiorly in the middle of the clavicle called?
The subclavian groove
What is the facet on the medial end of the clavicle called?
Sternal facet
What does the impression inferior close to the medial end of the clavicle hold?
The costoclavicular ligament
What is the only boney connection from the upper limbs to the axial skeleton?
Clavicle
If I fell with my arms straight out what bone am I likely to break?
Clavicle as force is transmitted through arm to clavicle
What are the 3 features of the sternoclavicular joint?
Very strong ligaments
Fibrocartilage lined joint
Articular disc
What are the 3 angles of the Scapula?
Superior
Inferior
Lateral
What are the 3 Fossae of the Scapula?
Supraspinous
Infraspinous
Subscapular
What are the 3 borders of the Scapula ?
Medial
Lateral
Superior
What ligament attaches above the suprascapular notch and what does this form ?
Upper transverse Scapular ligament which forms the Suprascapular foramen
What runs through the Suprascapular foramen?
Neurovascular bundles
How many tubercles does the humerus have and what are their names?
2: Greater and lesser tubercle
What are the 2 necks found on a humerus ?
Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
What are the lumps, bumps and lines for in the humerus ?
Muscle attachment
What do the ligaments in the Glenohumeral joint do?
Thicken the joint capsule
What are the 3 Glenohumeral joint ligaments?
Superior
Middle
Inferior
What are the 3 other Glenohumeral ligaments?
Coraco-humeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
Long head of biceps
What muscles are found in the Glenohumeral joint?
Rotator cuff muscles
What is the function of the rotator cuff?
Stabilises the Glenohumeral joint - This is why muscle tone of this is important in preventing dislocation
What are the 4 Bursae in the Glenohumeral joint?
Subacromial (Subdeltoid - SASD)
Subscapular
Subcoracoid
Coracobrachial
What are the 2 tubercles found in the Humerus ?
Inter-tubercle sulcus
Medial lateral lips
What are the 3 different types of Humeral fractures, where are they found and what nerves are affected?
Mid shaft - Spiral groove in humerus (starts superiorly) - Radial Nerve
Surgical neck - Middle of Humerus - Auxillary nerve
Supracodylar - Above elbow joint - Median nerves
What Humeral fracture is most common and what is this caused by?
Surgical fracture due to people falling on arm
What attaches to the supinator crest?
Supinator muscle
What keeps the elbow capsule lax both anteriorly and posteriorly?
The collateral ligaments
What ligament is affected if someone has “pulled elbow” or “Nurse maid” elbow?
The annular ligament
What movement does the annular ligament of the radius allow for?
Allows the radius to do supination and pronation
What is the special relationship between bursae and muscles?
Bursae are named after the muscles they are related to
What is a Colles fracture?
Fracture of distal radius - common in old ladies with hands stretched out when falling
What kind of deformity appears in those with a Colles fracture?
Dinner fork deformity
What type of joint is the Middle Radio-Ulnar joint?
Syndesmosis - fibrous joint
What prevents the radius and ulnar from separating ?
The interosseous membrane
What bone in the forearm does all of the movement?
Radius - it moves around Ulnar
What are the 3 features of the distal radio-ulnar joint?
1) . Has a fibrous disc
2) . Has anterior and posterior radio-ulnar ligaments (weak)
3) . Synovial membrane
What does the Sacciform Recess do ?
Aid movement
How many hand bones is there?
27
How many Phalanges is there?
14 - long bones (3 in each digit and 2 in thumb)
How many metacarpals is there?
5 - long bones (1 for each digit and thumb)
How many Carpal bones is there?
8 - short bones
What are sesamoid bones?
a Sesamoid bone is a bone embedded in a tendon
What are the 4 proximal carpal bones from medial to lateral (in anatomical position!) ?
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisform
What are the 4 distal bones from medial to lateral (in anatomical position!) ?
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hammate
What is the acronym for remembering Carpal bones?
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cant Handle
What isn’t involved in the wrist joint and why
The ulna - as it is separated from the wrist by a fibrocartilage disc
What are the 2 radio-carpal ligaments?
Palmar and dorsal radio-carpal ligaments