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Anatomy > The Larynx > Flashcards

The Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the larynx?

A

To keep food and liquid from entering the lungs

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2
Q

What is the larynx suspended by?

A

The hyoid bone

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3
Q

What muscles suspend the hyoid bone?

A

Supra- and infra- hyoid muscles

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4
Q

What structure is known as the “Adam’s Apple?

A

The laryngeal prominence

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5
Q

What vertebrae lie posterior to the larynx?

A

C4-C6

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6
Q

What structure is at the superior and posterior part of the oropharnyx that forms a partial dam at the back of the tongue?

A

Epiglottis

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7
Q

The arytenoid cartilages sit on top of what lamina?

A

The cricoid lamina

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8
Q

What ligaments extend for the vocal process of the arytenoids to the posterior aspect of what?

A

vocal ligaments; thyroid cartilage

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9
Q

What structure’s upper limit becomes the vocal ligament?

A

Conus Elasticus

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10
Q

What cartilage sits at the apex of the arytenoid?

A

Corniculate Cartilage

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11
Q

The pharyngeal inlet is a vertical ridge extending between what structures?

A

From the epiglottis (around the aryepiiglottic folds) to the arytenoid cartilage (and internarytenoid notch)

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12
Q

What cave-like structure is between the vestibular fold and the vocal fold?

A

Laryngeal Ventricle

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13
Q

What is the primary movement of the vocal ligaments and folds?

A

abduction and adduction movements

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14
Q

The supraglottic space extends from what structures?

A

From the laryngeal inlet to the vestibular folds

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15
Q

What structure includes the vocal folds and the space between them?

A

The glottis

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16
Q

The infraglottic space extends from what structures?

A

The vocals folds to the inferior aspect of the cricoid cartilage; where the trachea begins

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17
Q

What nerve supplies the vocal folds and what fibers does it contribute?

A

Vagus Nerve; Sensory and parasympathetic motor innervation

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18
Q

What innervates above the vocal folds?

A

Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

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19
Q

What innervates below the vocal folds?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve

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20
Q

The inferior laryngeal nerve is a terminal brach of what other nerve?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

21
Q

What is the epithelium of the vocal folds and vestibular folds?

A

Stratified squamous; pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

22
Q

What is the most important function of the larynx?

A

Provide a valve to protect against the entrance of foreign materials during breathing or swallowing

23
Q

What position must the vocal folds be in to the production of sounds?

A

Adducted

24
Q

The larynx creates a _________ (sound), while the vocal folds create _________ (sound)

A

Tone; speech

25
Q

The cricothyroid muscles are located on the external surface of the larynx in the space between what 2 cartilages?

A

Thyroid and Cricoid cartilages

26
Q

Contraction of the cricothyroid pulls down on what structure?

A

Thyroid cartilage

27
Q

What happens when the thyroid cartilage is moved?

A

It increases the distance b/t the anterior and posterior attachments of the vocal ligaments

28
Q

(T/F) Increasing tension on the ligaments will increase vocal fold length

A

True

29
Q

(T/F) Increasing tension leads to sounds with a lower pitch.

A

False. Higher pitch

30
Q

What innervates the cricothyroid muscle?

A

Superior Laryngeal Nerve

31
Q

What muscle antagonizes the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

32
Q

What function do the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles have?

A

Adduction of the vocal folds, contracting the glottis to close during talking or coughing

33
Q

What mucosa covers the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles?

A

Laryngopharynx mucosa

34
Q

What is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles?

A

Abduction of the vocal processes; they keep the airway open almost constantly

35
Q

What is the phenomena of the rapid flow of air causing a decrease in pressure?

A

Venturi Effect

36
Q

What 3 parts of the airway uses sound to make speech

A

Pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity

37
Q

What 5 characteristics control the vibration of vocal folds?

A

Level of adduction, thickness of the vocal folds, length of the vocal folds, tension on the vocal folds, and breath

38
Q

What are the 2 parts of the glottis?

A

Intermembranous glottis and intercartilaginous glottis

39
Q

What makes up the intermembranous glottis?

A

True vocal folds and the space between them

40
Q

What makes up the intercartilaginous glottis?

A

Vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages and the space between them

41
Q

What is the space between the vocal folds called?

A

Rima Glottidis

42
Q

What is the quadrangular membrane, where is it, and where does it extend?

A

Layer of CT lying beneath the mucosa of the vestibule; extends from lateral edge of epiglottis to the vestibular ligament

43
Q

What nerve innervates the larynx?

A

CN 10 (Vagus)

44
Q

What types of nerves extend out to the blood vessels?

A

Postganglionic Sympathetic Nerves

45
Q

What nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?

A

External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

46
Q

What does the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

Provides sensory and parasympathetic innervateion to mucosa and glands of tongue, anterior and posterior epiglottic folds, laryngeal inlet, and vestibule to the vocal folds

47
Q

The inferior laryngeal nerve is a termination of what other nerve?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

48
Q

What innervation does the inferior laryngeal nerve give?

A

BE to intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid)
GSA to vocal folds
GVE to glands below vocal folds

Anatomy (9 decks)

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