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Anatomy > Posterior Triangle > Flashcards

Posterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior border of the trapezius, posterior border of the SCM, and the middle 1/3rd of the clavicle

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2
Q

What muscles comprise the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles; levator scapulae, and splenius capitis

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3
Q

What cutaneous nerves turn around the posterior border of the SCM then exit from the posterior triangle?

A

Lesser Occipital, Great Auricular, and Transverse Cervical Nerves

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4
Q

Where do the anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles originate and insert*?

A

Originate: Cervical Transverse Processes

Insert*: 1st Rib; posterior scalene inserts on 2nd rib

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5
Q

What is the relationship of the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus versus the vertebral artery at the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae?

A

The nerves will run posterior to the vertebral artery.

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6
Q

Between what two muscles will the ventral ramus of the brachial plexus nerves run through going toward the vertebra?

A

Middle scalene and Anterior scalene muscles.

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7
Q

Within what structure does the vertebral artery pass?

A

Within in the transverse foramen

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8
Q

(T/F) The subclavian vein passes through the scalene triangle?

A

False. It passes anterior to the anterior scalene muscle.

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9
Q

What spinal nerve segments (cervical) contribute to the phrenic nerve?

A

C3-C5; C4 is most of contribution

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10
Q

On what surface does the phrenic nerve pass?

A

Anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle

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11
Q

(T/F) The Phrenic nerve does not lie within the scalene triangle.

A

True.

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12
Q

What are the clinical presentations of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)?

A

Cold hands from arterial compression, numb fingers from nerve compression, or swelling and blueish colorations from vein compression

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13
Q

What redundant structure developed in a small percentage of the population can cause TOS?

A

Cervical Rib

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14
Q

What and where is compressed in neurogenic TOS?

A

Brachial plexus nerves; between scalene muscles and first rib

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15
Q

What and where is compressed in venous TOS?

A

Subclavian vein; between clavicle and first rib

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16
Q

What causes arterial TOS?

A

Occlusion or aneurysm of the subclavian artery in the neck associated with an extra “cervical” rib

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17
Q

Where does the subclavian vein join the internal jugular vein?

A

Posterior to the sternoclavicular joint

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18
Q

What arteries divide posterior to the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk divides into right subclavian and right common carotid artery

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19
Q

What structures are between the dividing brachiocephalic trunk and the subclavian vein?

A

Phrenic Nerve, Vagus Nerve, and Anterior Scalene Muscle

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20
Q

(T/F) The common carotid arteries have branches.

A

False.

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21
Q

“At the ______ edge of the 1st rib, the subclavian artery becomes the _______ artery”

A

lateral; axillary

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22
Q

What are the three initial branches off the subclavian artery?

A

Internal thoracic artery, vertebral artery, and thyrocervical trunk

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23
Q

What is the path of the internal thoracic artery?

A

Passes posterior to the subclavian vein and first rib into the thorax

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24
Q

What is the origin of the vertebral artery surrounded by?

A

Sympathetic branches of cervicothoracic ganglion

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25
Q

What vertebral transverse processes does the vertebral artery skip over and which one does it dive into?

A

Skips 8th and 7th; dives into 6th cervical vertebrae

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26
Q

What foramen does the vertebral artery pass through?

A

Costotransverse foramen

27
Q

(T/F) The vertebral artery ascends through the remaining costotransverse foramina anterior to emerging cervical spinal nerves.

A

True.

28
Q

Where does the vertebral artery pierce the dura mater to enter the brain?

A

Foramen Magnum

29
Q

What does the vertebral artery supply?

A

Brain, spinal cord, and deep neck muscles

30
Q

What is the other artery that supplies the brain?

A

Internal Carotid Artery

31
Q

What artery forms when the left and right vertebral arteries anastomose?

A

Basilar Artery

32
Q

What parts of the body does the thyrocervical trunk supply?

A

Thyroid Gland and Shoulder

33
Q

The thyrocervical trunk runs ________ (direction) on the ______ (relation) of the anterior scalene muscle.

A

superiorly; medial

34
Q

What structure does the inferior thyroid gland pass to reach the thyroid gland?

A

Passes deep to the carotid sheath

35
Q

The inferior thyroid artery passes (anterior/posterior) to the sympathetic trunk, but (anterior/posterior) to the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

A

posterior; anterior

36
Q

What branch off the thyrocervical trunk ascends along the anterior scalene to supply muscles in the neck?

A

Ascending Cervical Artery

37
Q

What branch of the thyrocervical trunk pins the phrenic nerve down to the anterior scalene?

A

Suprascapular Artery

38
Q

What branch of the thyrocervical trunk joins CN 11?

A

Transverse Cervical Artery

39
Q

If the costocervical trunk branches posterior to the anterior scalene, what part of the subclavian does it branch from?

A

2nd part of the subclavian artery

40
Q

What are the divisions of the costocervical trunk?

A

Highest intercostal artery and deep cervical artery

41
Q

What artery branches off the 3rd part of the subclavian?

A

Dorsal Scapular Artery

42
Q

What structure parallels the subclavian vein?

A

Subclavian artery

43
Q

The subclavian vein passes (anterior/posterior) to the anterior scalene (before/after) joining the internal jugular vein to form the _________ vein.

A

anterior; before; brachiocephalic vein

44
Q

What is the only veinous tributary of the subclavian vein?

A

External jugular vein

45
Q

At what point do the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct empty their contents into a vessel?

A

At the junction of subclavian and internal jugular veins at the most medial aspect of the subclavian vein

46
Q

What muscles does CN 11 innervate?

A

SCM and trapezius

47
Q

Name 3 reasons why CN 11 is not regarded as a spinal nerve.

A
  1. Cell bodies of GSE fibers are not located in same region of spinal cord as spinal nerve GSE fibers.
  2. CN 11 collects from 4-6 different spinal segments to go into a single nerve- unlike spinal nerves.
  3. Goes up through foramen magnum and exits jugular foramen
48
Q

What segments join CN 11 to innervate SCM?

A

C2 and C3

49
Q

C3 and C4 join CN 11 to innervate what muscle?

A

Trapezius

50
Q

To affect all function of CN 11, where would there have to be a lesion?

A

Medial to the SCM

51
Q

To affect solely the trapezius, where would CN 11 have to be lesioned?

A

Lateral to SCM

52
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a lesion of CN 11 affecting SCM?

A

Difficulty elevating chin and turning head

53
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a lesion affecting only the trapezius?

A

Affected shoulder would droop lower than the other, difficulty elevating shoulder, raising arm above horizontal plane, and squaring shoulders

54
Q

Where does the sympathetic trunk extend in the neck?

A

In the space posterior to the carotid sheath along the surface of pre vertebral muscles

55
Q

Ascending Preganglionic Axons forming the sympathetic trunk primarily enter from what spinal cord segments?

A

T1 and T2

56
Q

(T/F) The cervical part of the sympathetic chain receives white rami.

A

False.

57
Q

What spinal segments form the superior cervical ganglion?

A

C1-C4

58
Q

The fusion of C5 and C6 form what ganglion?

A

Middle Cervical Ganglion

59
Q

The cervicothoracic ganglion is a fusion of what spinal segments?

A

C7, C8, and T1

60
Q

Many large nodes of the lymphatic chain in the neck lie along what common structure?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

61
Q

The lymphatic chain is divided into superior and inferior nodes based on the position of what structure?

A

Omohyoid Muscle

62
Q

Superior nodes receive drainage from what space?

A

Retropharyngeal Space

63
Q

What is a major node in the superior group of nodes and what structures does it drain?

A

Jugulodigastric Node; tongue and palatine tonsil

64
Q

What are inferior deep cervical nodes also called and where do they drain?

A

Supraclavicular nodes; thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

Anatomy (9 decks)

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