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Anatomy > Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What are emissary veins and what is their path?

A

Blood vessels in the scalp that pass through the skull to drain into the dural venous sinuses.

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2
Q

Where are diploid veins located?

A

Within the inner spongy layer of the skull

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3
Q

What are the important emissary veins?

A

Parietal, mastoid, occipital, condylar, superior ophthalmic, and inferior ophthalmic veins

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4
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

A

Periosteal layer and meningeal layer

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5
Q

What structure forms when the layers of the dura mater separate?

A

Dural Venous Sinuses

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6
Q

What structures do the layers of the dura form when they rejoin?

A

Dural Partitions (folds)

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7
Q

What dural partition separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Falx Cerebri

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8
Q

What are the attachment points of the structure that separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

crista galli, midline of the calvaria, and the internal occipital protuberance

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9
Q

What dural sinuses are associated with the falx cerebri?

A

Superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, and straight sinuses

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10
Q

What dural partition covers the top of the cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Tentorum Cerebelli

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11
Q

What are the anterior, lateral, and posterior attachments of the partition separating the cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Anterior: Posterior Clinoid Process
Lateral: Temporal Bone
Posterior: Occipital Bone

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12
Q

What sinuses are associated with the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Straight Sinus and Transverse Sinus

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13
Q

(T/F) The tentorium cerebella becomes continuous with the falx cerebra along the midline.

A

True

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14
Q

What partition is an incomplete roof that covers the pituitary?

A

Diaphragma Sellae

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15
Q

The roof of the diaphragm sellae is incomplete allowing the stalk of __________ (structure) to reach the _____________ (structure)

A

Hypophysis; Hypothalamus

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16
Q

What sinus is associated with the diaphragma sellae?

A

Intercavernous Sinus

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17
Q

What is the major blood supply to the dura?

A

Middle Meningeal Arteries

18
Q

Where do the middle meningeal arteries branch from?

A

From the maxillary artery, which is a branch off the external carotid

19
Q

What foramen do the middle meningeal arteries pass?

A

Foramen Spinosum

20
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the dura?

A

CN 5 (Trigeminal)

21
Q

What branch of CN 5 gives the most significant contribution, traveling through the _____________ (foramen) along with what other structure?

A

V3 (mandibular); foramen spinosum; middle meningeal artery

22
Q

Trauma to the __________ (area of skull) can potentially fracture and rupture ___________ (vessel).

A

Pterion; middle meningeal artery

23
Q

What substance does the subarachnoid space contain?

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

24
Q

In relation to the meninges, where is the subarachnoid space?

A

Between the arachnoid and the pia mater

25
Q

What structures connect the inner arachnoid membrane to the pia mater?

A

arachnoid trabeculae

26
Q

Where is CSF synthesized and where does it enter the subarachnoid space?

A

Choroid Plexus; 4th Ventricle

27
Q

“_____________ (structure) bunch together to form arachnoid granulations, which punch their way through the dura, allowing CSF to drain through the ____________(structure) into the venous blood in the ____________(sinus).”

A

Arachnoid villi; arachnoid membrane; superior sagittal sinus

28
Q

What type of hemorrhage occurs between the skull and the periosteal layer of dura?

A

Extradural Hematoma

29
Q

What is the clinical presentation of an extradural hematoma?

A

Head trauma > brief period of unconsciousness > lucid phase > rapid deterioration and coma

30
Q

What vessel is usually ruptured in a extradural hematoma?

A

Middle Meningeal Artery

31
Q

Where does a subdural hematoma form?

A

Between the dura and the arachnoid

32
Q

What vessel are affected in a subdural hematoma?

A

Cerebral beins (bridging vins) as their enter the venous sinuses

33
Q

Where does a subarachnoid hemorrhage occur?

A

Within the subarachnoid space

34
Q

What is the clinical sign of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Blood in the CSF

35
Q

What vessel tears in a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Cerebral Arteries

36
Q

Associate the hemorrhage with the shape on a CT scan

  1. Extradural Hematoma a. Crescent-shaped
  2. Subdural Hematoma b. shapeless mass
  3. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage c. Lens-shaped
A
  1. c
  2. a
  3. b
37
Q

The __________ (structure) separates the anterior and middle fossa, while the __________ (structure) separates the middle and posterior fossa

A

Lesser wing of sphenoid; petrous crest of temporal bone

38
Q

What cranial components are within the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossa, respectively?

A

Anterior: Frontal lobes
Middle: Temporal Lobes and Pituitary Gland
Posterior: Occipital Lobes, Cerebellum, and Brainstem

39
Q

What structure is jeopardized if the pituitary gland has a tumor?

A

Optic Chiasm

40
Q

What foramen in the skull is filled with cartilage?

A

Foramen Lacerum

Anatomy (9 decks)

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