Cranial Cavity Flashcards
What are emissary veins and what is their path?
Blood vessels in the scalp that pass through the skull to drain into the dural venous sinuses.
Where are diploid veins located?
Within the inner spongy layer of the skull
What are the important emissary veins?
Parietal, mastoid, occipital, condylar, superior ophthalmic, and inferior ophthalmic veins
What are the two layers of the dura mater?
Periosteal layer and meningeal layer
What structure forms when the layers of the dura mater separate?
Dural Venous Sinuses
What structures do the layers of the dura form when they rejoin?
Dural Partitions (folds)
What dural partition separates the two cerebral hemispheres?
Falx Cerebri
What are the attachment points of the structure that separates the two cerebral hemispheres?
crista galli, midline of the calvaria, and the internal occipital protuberance
What dural sinuses are associated with the falx cerebri?
Superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, and straight sinuses
What dural partition covers the top of the cerebellar hemispheres?
Tentorum Cerebelli
What are the anterior, lateral, and posterior attachments of the partition separating the cerebellar hemispheres?
Anterior: Posterior Clinoid Process
Lateral: Temporal Bone
Posterior: Occipital Bone
What sinuses are associated with the tentorium cerebelli?
Straight Sinus and Transverse Sinus
(T/F) The tentorium cerebella becomes continuous with the falx cerebra along the midline.
True
What partition is an incomplete roof that covers the pituitary?
Diaphragma Sellae
The roof of the diaphragm sellae is incomplete allowing the stalk of __________ (structure) to reach the _____________ (structure)
Hypophysis; Hypothalamus
What sinus is associated with the diaphragma sellae?
Intercavernous Sinus
What is the major blood supply to the dura?
Middle Meningeal Arteries
Where do the middle meningeal arteries branch from?
From the maxillary artery, which is a branch off the external carotid
What foramen do the middle meningeal arteries pass?
Foramen Spinosum
What cranial nerve innervates the dura?
CN 5 (Trigeminal)
What branch of CN 5 gives the most significant contribution, traveling through the _____________ (foramen) along with what other structure?
V3 (mandibular); foramen spinosum; middle meningeal artery
Trauma to the __________ (area of skull) can potentially fracture and rupture ___________ (vessel).
Pterion; middle meningeal artery
What substance does the subarachnoid space contain?
Cerebrospinal Fluid
In relation to the meninges, where is the subarachnoid space?
Between the arachnoid and the pia mater
What structures connect the inner arachnoid membrane to the pia mater?
arachnoid trabeculae
Where is CSF synthesized and where does it enter the subarachnoid space?
Choroid Plexus; 4th Ventricle
“_____________ (structure) bunch together to form arachnoid granulations, which punch their way through the dura, allowing CSF to drain through the ____________(structure) into the venous blood in the ____________(sinus).”
Arachnoid villi; arachnoid membrane; superior sagittal sinus
What type of hemorrhage occurs between the skull and the periosteal layer of dura?
Extradural Hematoma
What is the clinical presentation of an extradural hematoma?
Head trauma > brief period of unconsciousness > lucid phase > rapid deterioration and coma
What vessel is usually ruptured in a extradural hematoma?
Middle Meningeal Artery
Where does a subdural hematoma form?
Between the dura and the arachnoid
What vessel are affected in a subdural hematoma?
Cerebral beins (bridging vins) as their enter the venous sinuses
Where does a subarachnoid hemorrhage occur?
Within the subarachnoid space
What is the clinical sign of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Blood in the CSF
What vessel tears in a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Cerebral Arteries
Associate the hemorrhage with the shape on a CT scan
- Extradural Hematoma a. Crescent-shaped
- Subdural Hematoma b. shapeless mass
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage c. Lens-shaped
- c
- a
- b
The __________ (structure) separates the anterior and middle fossa, while the __________ (structure) separates the middle and posterior fossa
Lesser wing of sphenoid; petrous crest of temporal bone
What cranial components are within the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossa, respectively?
Anterior: Frontal lobes
Middle: Temporal Lobes and Pituitary Gland
Posterior: Occipital Lobes, Cerebellum, and Brainstem
What structure is jeopardized if the pituitary gland has a tumor?
Optic Chiasm
What foramen in the skull is filled with cartilage?
Foramen Lacerum
