Submandibular Triangle

Question 1

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 1

Base: inferior border of the mandible
Sides: anterior and posterior bellies of digastric

Question 2

What muscle originates from the styloid process and inserts on the hyoid bone?

Answer 2

Stylohyoid muscle

Question 3

What structure does the stylohyoid straddle?

Answer 3

Digastric Tendon

Question 4

The submandibular gland lies on top of what two muscles?

Answer 4

Mylohyoid and Hyoglossus Muscle

Question 5

What two muscles are deep to the mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 5

Geniohyoid and Genioglossus Muscles

Question 6

What two muscles are superior to the hyoglossus muscle?

Answer 6

Styloglossus and Palatoglossus Muscles

Question 7

What are some of the other structures within the submandibular triangle besides the muscles?

Answer 7

Submandibular gland and duct, sublingual gland and ducts, CN 12, Lingual nerve, submandibular ganglion, and lingual artery and vein

Question 8

Where does the lingual nerve branch from?

Answer 8

From the mandibular (V3) branch of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5)

Question 9

What type of fibers are within the submandibular ganglion?

Answer 9

GVE parasympathetics of CN 7 (facial)

Question 10

What nerve innervates all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (EXCEPT what other muscle)?

Answer 10

CN 12; Palatoglossus muscle

Question 11

What are the extrinsic muscles that affect the hyoid bone?

Answer 11

Digastric Muscles and Geniohyoid Muscle

Question 12

What is the origin and insertions of the mylohyoid muscles?

Answer 12

Origin: Mylohyoid Lines
Insertions: Mylohoid Raphe and Hyoid Bone

Question 13

What muscle lies on the surface of the mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 13

Anterior belly of the digastric muscle

Question 14

What nerve innervates the mylohyoid muscle? And what other muscle does this nerve also innervate?

Answer 14

Nerve to mylohyoid; Anterior belly of the digastric

Question 15

What innervates the posterior belly of the digastric?

Answer 15

Facial Nerve (CN 7)

Question 16

What accounts for the divergence in innervation of the digastric muscles?

Answer 16

They derive from different pharyngeal arches (I and II)

Question 17

What muscles attach on the inferior and superior mental spines?

Answer 17

Superior: Genioglossus Muscle
Inferior: Geniohyoid Muscle

Question 18

Where does the anterior belly of the digastric muscle insert?

Answer 18

Digastric Fossa

Question 19

Contraction of the geniohyoid muscle will perform what action on the hyoid bone?

Answer 19

Pulls the hyoid bone anterior and superior

Question 20

What innervates the geniohyoid?

Answer 20

A branch of C1 from the cervical plexus that travels with they hypoglossal nerve.

Question 21

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 21

Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, and palatoglossus muscles

Question 22

Contraction of what fibers of the genioglossus would cause protraction? Retraction?

Answer 22

Inferior fibers; superior fibers

Question 23

Where does the hyoglossus muscle originate?

Answer 23

Greater horn of the hyoid bone and adjacent body

Question 24

Where does the palatoglossus muscle originate and what innervates it?

Answer 24

Palatine aponeurosis; CN 10 (vagus)

Question 25

What is the clinical sign of a lesioned CN 12?

Answer 25

Deviation of the protracted tongue toward the lesioned side

Question 26

Where does the submandibular duct originate and terminate?

Answer 26

From the deep part of the submandibular gland and ends in the sublingual caruncle

Question 27

What is secreted from the sublingual caruncle?

Answer 27

Submandibular Gland Saliva

Question 28

What is the path of the lingual nerve?

Answer 28

loops around the lateral side of the submandibualr duct, then inferior to it, and finally courses medial to the duct on its way to the tongue