Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Endocrine Histology > Flashcards

Endocrine Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of steroid hormones?

A

Gonadal and adrenocortical hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are examples of amino acid derived hormones?

A

Catecholamines, thyroid hormones, prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where do steroid hormones bind to their receptors?

A

Within the nucleus of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

From what embryological tissue does the anterior lobe of the pituitary form from?

A

Rathe’s pouch of ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

From what embryological tissue does the posterior lobe of the pituitary lobe form from?

A

Neuroectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the posterior lobe also known as?

A

Neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the anterior lobe also known as?

A

Adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What prominent structures are associated with the posterior lobe?

A

Infundibulum and pars nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What prominent structures are located in the anterior lobe?

A

Pars distalis, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What cells are located in the pars nervosa of the posterior lobe?

A

Pituicytes; have supporting functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What two hormones come from the pars nervosa of the posterior lobe?

A

Oxytocin and ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cells secrete oxytocin?

A

Supraoptic Nucleus Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What cells secrete ADH?

A

Paraventricular Nucleus Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of oxytocin?

A

stimulates contraction of smooth muscles in pregnant uterus and myoepithelial cells in mammary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of ADH?

A

Regulates body retention of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What results with low levels of ADH?

A

Diabetes Insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What cells are similar to astrocytes in the brain?

A

Pituicytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the cell types in the pars distalis?

A

Acidophils, basophils, and chromophobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What hormones are secreted by basophils?

A

FSH, Luteinizing Hormone, TSH, and ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What hormones are associated with gonadotropes?

A

FSH, LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What hormone is associated with thyrotropes?

A

TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What hormone is associated with corticotropes?

A

ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What hormones are secreted by acidophils?

A

Growth Hormones,Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What hormone is associated with somatotropes?

A

Growth Hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What hormone is associated with lactotropes?
Prolactin
26
What is gigantism and acromegaly caused by?
Hypersecretion of GH in tumors
27
What cells are contained in the pars intermedia?
Basophils, chromophils, and colloid follicles
28
What hormones are immunoreactive for pars tubercles?
ACTH, FSH, and LH
29
What 2 structures make up the pineal gland?
Pineal body and epiphysis cerebri
30
What are the primary cells in the pineal gland?
Pinealocytes (95%) and interstitial (glial) cells
31
What consists of calcium phosphate and carbonate with proteins that settles in the brain?
Brain Sand
32
What organ regulates circadian rhythms in the body?
Pineal Gland
33
What hormone is stimulated at night and inhibited in the day?
Melatonin
34
What does melatonin inhibit?
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
35
What is the functional unit of the thyroid?
Thyroid follicle
36
What consists of a follicle?
Mass of colloid surrounded by follicular cells
37
What hormones are produced by thyroid hormones?
T3 and T4
38
Where does T3 and T4 hormones form?
In the thyroglobulin
39
What fuses and degrades follicular cells to produce T3 and T4?
Lysosomes
40
What is more abundant in the blood? T3 or T4?
T4
41
What the function of T3 and T4?
Regulation of basal metabolism
42
What happens with insufficient dietary iodine or by autoimmune diseases?
Hypothyroidism
43
What happens with excessive thyroid hormone circulation?
Hyperthyroidism (Grave's Disease)
44
What cells produce calcitonin hormone?
Parafollicular Cells
45
What is the function of calcitonin?
Lowers blood calcium
46
What cell types are located in the parathyroid gland?
Principal cells and Oxyphil Cells
47
What cell type in the parathyroid glands contain eosinophilic cytoplasm?
Oxyphil cells
48
What is secreted by Principal cells?
PTH
49
What does PTH secrete?
Calcium and phosphate levels in blood; increases calcium levels in blood through production in kidney, bone resorportion, and urinary phosphate excretion
50
What hormones are secreted by the A cells, B cells, and D cells or the Islets of Langerhans
A cells: glucagon B cells: insulin D cells: somatostatin
51
What inhibits both glucagon and insulin?
Somatostatin
52
What are the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex?
Zona Glomerulosa Zona Fasciculata Zona Reticularis
53
What is the blood supply to the cortex?
Small arteries from suprarenal vessels
54
What is the blood supply to the medulla?
Medullary arterioles | Cortical sinusoidal capillaries
55
What steroids are secreted by the zone glomerulosa?
Mineralocortcoids (aldosterone); regulates sodium and potassium balance and water homeostasis
56
What steroids are secreted by the zona fasciculata?
Glucocorticoids (cortisol); regulates glucose synthesis and glycogen formation
57
What steroids are secreted by the zona reticularis?
Weak androgens (sex hormones) and glucocortoids
58
What are the predominant cells in the medulla of the adrenal gland?
Chromaffin Cells
59
Where does the medulla of the adrenal gland receive its blood supply?
From sinusoids and arterioles from the cortex and from medullary capillaries and arterioles
60
What do chromaffin cells secrete?
Catecholamine
61
What hormones are secreted from the dense core vesicles of the adrenal medulla?
Norepinephrine
62
What hormones are secreted from the clear vesicles of the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine
63
What is the physiology of epinephrine?
Increases: heart rate, BP, sweating Decreases: blood flow to viscera, digestion, urine production Stimulates: conversion of glycogen to glucose
64
What neuron-like cells are in the medulla of the adrenal gland?
Ganglion Cells
65
What is the function of a ganglion cell?
Modulate secretory activity and innervate blood vessels
66
What are the organs that regulate hormones?
Hypothalamus and Pituitary
67
What do endocrine neurons secrete in the hypothalamus?
Releasing hormones (releasing factors)
68
Where do released hormones go directly after release from hypothalamus?
via poral vein, directly to capillaries in anterior lobe
69
What is the function of a releasing hormone?
Control the release of basophils and acidophils in the anterior pituitary

Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions