Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Endocrine Histology > Flashcards

Endocrine Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of steroid hormones?

A

Gonadal and adrenocortical hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are examples of amino acid derived hormones?

A

Catecholamines, thyroid hormones, prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where do steroid hormones bind to their receptors?

A

Within the nucleus of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

From what embryological tissue does the anterior lobe of the pituitary form from?

A

Rathe’s pouch of ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

From what embryological tissue does the posterior lobe of the pituitary lobe form from?

A

Neuroectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the posterior lobe also known as?

A

Neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the anterior lobe also known as?

A

Adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What prominent structures are associated with the posterior lobe?

A

Infundibulum and pars nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What prominent structures are located in the anterior lobe?

A

Pars distalis, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What cells are located in the pars nervosa of the posterior lobe?

A

Pituicytes; have supporting functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What two hormones come from the pars nervosa of the posterior lobe?

A

Oxytocin and ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cells secrete oxytocin?

A

Supraoptic Nucleus Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What cells secrete ADH?

A

Paraventricular Nucleus Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of oxytocin?

A

stimulates contraction of smooth muscles in pregnant uterus and myoepithelial cells in mammary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of ADH?

A

Regulates body retention of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What results with low levels of ADH?

A

Diabetes Insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What cells are similar to astrocytes in the brain?

A

Pituicytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the cell types in the pars distalis?

A

Acidophils, basophils, and chromophobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What hormones are secreted by basophils?

A

FSH, Luteinizing Hormone, TSH, and ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What hormones are associated with gonadotropes?

A

FSH, LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What hormone is associated with thyrotropes?

A

TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What hormone is associated with corticotropes?

A

ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What hormones are secreted by acidophils?

A

Growth Hormones,Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What hormone is associated with somatotropes?

A

Growth Hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What hormone is associated with lactotropes?

A

Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is gigantism and acromegaly caused by?

A

Hypersecretion of GH in tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What cells are contained in the pars intermedia?

A

Basophils, chromophils, and colloid follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What hormones are immunoreactive for pars tubercles?

A

ACTH, FSH, and LH

29
Q

What 2 structures make up the pineal gland?

A

Pineal body and epiphysis cerebri

30
Q

What are the primary cells in the pineal gland?

A

Pinealocytes (95%) and interstitial (glial) cells

31
Q

What consists of calcium phosphate and carbonate with proteins that settles in the brain?

A

Brain Sand

32
Q

What organ regulates circadian rhythms in the body?

A

Pineal Gland

33
Q

What hormone is stimulated at night and inhibited in the day?

A

Melatonin

34
Q

What does melatonin inhibit?

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

35
Q

What is the functional unit of the thyroid?

A

Thyroid follicle

36
Q

What consists of a follicle?

A

Mass of colloid surrounded by follicular cells

37
Q

What hormones are produced by thyroid hormones?

A

T3 and T4

38
Q

Where does T3 and T4 hormones form?

A

In the thyroglobulin

39
Q

What fuses and degrades follicular cells to produce T3 and T4?

A

Lysosomes

40
Q

What is more abundant in the blood? T3 or T4?

A

T4

41
Q

What the function of T3 and T4?

A

Regulation of basal metabolism

42
Q

What happens with insufficient dietary iodine or by autoimmune diseases?

A

Hypothyroidism

43
Q

What happens with excessive thyroid hormone circulation?

A

Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease)

44
Q

What cells produce calcitonin hormone?

A

Parafollicular Cells

45
Q

What is the function of calcitonin?

A

Lowers blood calcium

46
Q

What cell types are located in the parathyroid gland?

A

Principal cells and Oxyphil Cells

47
Q

What cell type in the parathyroid glands contain eosinophilic cytoplasm?

A

Oxyphil cells

48
Q

What is secreted by Principal cells?

A

PTH

49
Q

What does PTH secrete?

A

Calcium and phosphate levels in blood; increases calcium levels in blood through production in kidney, bone resorportion, and urinary phosphate excretion

50
Q

What hormones are secreted by the A cells, B cells, and D cells or the Islets of Langerhans

A

A cells: glucagon
B cells: insulin
D cells: somatostatin

51
Q

What inhibits both glucagon and insulin?

A

Somatostatin

52
Q

What are the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis

53
Q

What is the blood supply to the cortex?

A

Small arteries from suprarenal vessels

54
Q

What is the blood supply to the medulla?

A

Medullary arterioles

Cortical sinusoidal capillaries

55
Q

What steroids are secreted by the zone glomerulosa?

A

Mineralocortcoids (aldosterone); regulates sodium and potassium balance and water homeostasis

56
Q

What steroids are secreted by the zona fasciculata?

A

Glucocorticoids (cortisol); regulates glucose synthesis and glycogen formation

57
Q

What steroids are secreted by the zona reticularis?

A

Weak androgens (sex hormones) and glucocortoids

58
Q

What are the predominant cells in the medulla of the adrenal gland?

A

Chromaffin Cells

59
Q

Where does the medulla of the adrenal gland receive its blood supply?

A

From sinusoids and arterioles from the cortex and from medullary capillaries and arterioles

60
Q

What do chromaffin cells secrete?

A

Catecholamine

61
Q

What hormones are secreted from the dense core vesicles of the adrenal medulla?

A

Norepinephrine

62
Q

What hormones are secreted from the clear vesicles of the adrenal medulla?

A

Epinephrine

63
Q

What is the physiology of epinephrine?

A

Increases: heart rate, BP, sweating
Decreases: blood flow to viscera, digestion, urine production
Stimulates: conversion of glycogen to glucose

64
Q

What neuron-like cells are in the medulla of the adrenal gland?

A

Ganglion Cells

65
Q

What is the function of a ganglion cell?

A

Modulate secretory activity and innervate blood vessels

66
Q

What are the organs that regulate hormones?

A

Hypothalamus and Pituitary

67
Q

What do endocrine neurons secrete in the hypothalamus?

A

Releasing hormones (releasing factors)

68
Q

Where do released hormones go directly after release from hypothalamus?

A

via poral vein, directly to capillaries in anterior lobe

69
Q

What is the function of a releasing hormone?

A

Control the release of basophils and acidophils in the anterior pituitary

Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions