the knee joint Flashcards
what three bones make up the knee joint?
femur
patella
tibia
which muscle causes unlocking of the knee?
popliteus muscle - laterally rotates the femur
what is the popliteal fossa?
the space at the back of the knee - contains the popliteal artery
what are the menisci?
2 c-shaped wedges of fibrocartilage
they increase joint congruency and help shock absorption
assist in locking mechanism
which meniscus is attached to the tibial collateral ligament?
the medial lemniscus is attached to the tibial collateral ligament
what are the ligaments inside the knee?
the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
what are the ligaments outside the knee?
fibular and tibial collateral ligaments
where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach?
the posterior intercondylar region of tibia and travels superoanterally to the medial femoral condyle
where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach?
the anterior intercondylar region of tibia and superoposteriorly to the lateral femoral condyle
which cruciate ligament is weakest?
the anterior cruciate ligament
what is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?
prevents posterior displacement of the tibia
PREVENTS HYPERFLEXION
what is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
PREVENTS HYPEREXTENSION
prevents anterior displacement of the tibia
which ligament prevents hyeprflexion?
posterior cruciate ligament
which ligament prevents hyperextension?
the anterior cruciate ligament
what is the function of medial (tibial) collateral ligament?
prevent abduction of leg at knee
what is function of lateral (fibular) collateral ligament?
prevent adduction of leg at knee
What is the unhappy triad?
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE + MEDIAL COLLATERAL + MEDIAL MENISCUS = UNHAPPY TRIAD
caused by excessive lateral twisting or blow to lateral sides of extended knee
the medial lemniscus tears due to it being attached to the medial collateral which tears
what is gene varum?
bow legs
what is genu valgum?
knock knee
