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Anatomy > The Knee and Ankle > Flashcards

The Knee and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What type fo cartilage comprises the menisci of the knee?

A

Fibrocartilage

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2
Q

Which meniscus of the knee is more mobile?

A

Lateral meniscus

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3
Q

Fat pads are present in the knee joint. T/F?

A

True

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4
Q

Between which bones does the true ankle joint exist?

A

Talus bone and distal ends of tibia and fibula

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5
Q

Which movements does the subtalar joint allow?

A

Eversion and inversion

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6
Q

What is the name if the ligament which exists between the medial malleolus and tarsal bones of the medial side of the foot?

A

Deltoid ligament

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7
Q

Which ligament is most commonly damaged by excessive inversion of the foot?

A

Calconeofibular ligament

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8
Q

The tendons of the ankle extensor muscles pass underneath the…?

A

Extensor reticulum (superior and inferior)

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9
Q

Which flexor muscles are most superficial?

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

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10
Q

The peroneus longus and brevis muscles are important for what movement?

A

Eversion

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11
Q

Which muscles are involved in inversion of the foot?

A 
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitroum longus
Tibialis anterior 
Extensir jhalkicus longus
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12
Q

Which muscles are important for plantar flexion of the foot?

A 
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitroum longus
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13
Q

Which muscles are important for extension of the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicus longus
Extensor digitorum longus

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14
Q

Which muscles of the leg are particularly important in gait and venous return?

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

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15
Q

On a medial view of the leg, what is the order of tendons from anterior to posterior?

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitrorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

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16
Q

What is the order of tendon insertions from medial to lateral of the extensor muscles of the foot?

A

Tibialis amterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus

17
Q

The peroneus longus muscle crosses the foot plant to insert in the first metatarsal whereas the peronus brevis insers on the fifth metatarsal. T/F?

A

True

18
Q

What is the normal alignment of the hindfoot and how does this change when standing on tip toes?

A

5-7 degrees valgus

On tip toes this alignment swings into varus

19
Q

What is the name for flat foot?

A

Pes planus

20
Q

What is the name for a high foot arch?

A

Pes cavus

21
Q

The tip toes test looks at the normal swing from valgus to varus when standing on tip toes. What abnormality of the foot arch would indicate this test?

A

Pes planus

22
Q

What is the coleman block test?

A

The patient stands on a block with their hallux over the edge. If the hindfoot corrects from varus to valgus then the deformity is correctable and forefoot driven.

23
Q

What result would secondary OA of the subtalar joint give on the coleman block test?

A

Negative result

24
Q

What deformity of the foot arch would indicate the coleman block test?

A

Pes cavus

25
Q

What is the silverskold test?

A

Ankle dorsiflexion is tested with the leg straigh and then with the knee flexed. If the movement improves with knee flexion then a tight gastrocnemius muscle is present

26
Q

What neuromuscular disorder commonly give a positive silverskold test?

A

Cerebral palsy

27
Q

Where can the sub talar joint be palpated?

A

Just inferior to the top of the lateral malleolus

28
Q

What is the normal range of dorsiflexion?

A

20-30 degrees

29
Q

What is the normal range of plantarflexion?

A

45-50 degrees

30
Q

What can limit dorsiflexion of the ankle?

A

Anterior bony osteophytes
Tight tendon achilles
OA ankle

31
Q

What is the normal range of movement for inversion and eversion of the ankle?

A

Inversion 20 degrees

Eversion 10 degrees

32
Q

The ankle should be in maximal plantarflexion when testing inversion and eversion. T/F?

A

False it should be in maximum dorsiflexion

33
Q

What is the alternative name for the condyles of the tibia?

A

Tibial plateaus

Anatomy (16 decks)

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