The Knee and Ankle Flashcards
What type fo cartilage comprises the menisci of the knee?
Fibrocartilage
Which meniscus of the knee is more mobile?
Lateral meniscus
Fat pads are present in the knee joint. T/F?
True
Between which bones does the true ankle joint exist?
Talus bone and distal ends of tibia and fibula
Which movements does the subtalar joint allow?
Eversion and inversion
What is the name if the ligament which exists between the medial malleolus and tarsal bones of the medial side of the foot?
Deltoid ligament
Which ligament is most commonly damaged by excessive inversion of the foot?
Calconeofibular ligament
The tendons of the ankle extensor muscles pass underneath the…?
Extensor reticulum (superior and inferior)
Which flexor muscles are most superficial?
Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris
The peroneus longus and brevis muscles are important for what movement?
Eversion
Which muscles are involved in inversion of the foot?
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitroum longus Tibialis anterior Extensir jhalkicus longus
Which muscles are important for plantar flexion of the foot?
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitroum longus
Which muscles are important for extension of the foot?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicus longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Which muscles of the leg are particularly important in gait and venous return?
Gastrocnemius and soleus
On a medial view of the leg, what is the order of tendons from anterior to posterior?
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitrorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
What is the order of tendon insertions from medial to lateral of the extensor muscles of the foot?
Tibialis amterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
The peroneus longus muscle crosses the foot plant to insert in the first metatarsal whereas the peronus brevis insers on the fifth metatarsal. T/F?
True
What is the normal alignment of the hindfoot and how does this change when standing on tip toes?
5-7 degrees valgus
On tip toes this alignment swings into varus
What is the name for flat foot?
Pes planus
What is the name for a high foot arch?
Pes cavus
The tip toes test looks at the normal swing from valgus to varus when standing on tip toes. What abnormality of the foot arch would indicate this test?
Pes planus
What is the coleman block test?
The patient stands on a block with their hallux over the edge. If the hindfoot corrects from varus to valgus then the deformity is correctable and forefoot driven.
What result would secondary OA of the subtalar joint give on the coleman block test?
Negative result
What deformity of the foot arch would indicate the coleman block test?
Pes cavus
What is the silverskold test?
Ankle dorsiflexion is tested with the leg straigh and then with the knee flexed. If the movement improves with knee flexion then a tight gastrocnemius muscle is present
What neuromuscular disorder commonly give a positive silverskold test?
Cerebral palsy
Where can the sub talar joint be palpated?
Just inferior to the top of the lateral malleolus
What is the normal range of dorsiflexion?
20-30 degrees
What is the normal range of plantarflexion?
45-50 degrees
What can limit dorsiflexion of the ankle?
Anterior bony osteophytes
Tight tendon achilles
OA ankle
What is the normal range of movement for inversion and eversion of the ankle?
Inversion 20 degrees
Eversion 10 degrees
The ankle should be in maximal plantarflexion when testing inversion and eversion. T/F?
False it should be in maximum dorsiflexion
What is the alternative name for the condyles of the tibia?
Tibial plateaus
