The Knee and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What type fo cartilage comprises the menisci of the knee?

A

Fibrocartilage

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2
Q

Which meniscus of the knee is more mobile?

A

Lateral meniscus

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3
Q

Fat pads are present in the knee joint. T/F?

A

True

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4
Q

Between which bones does the true ankle joint exist?

A

Talus bone and distal ends of tibia and fibula

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5
Q

Which movements does the subtalar joint allow?

A

Eversion and inversion

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6
Q

What is the name if the ligament which exists between the medial malleolus and tarsal bones of the medial side of the foot?

A

Deltoid ligament

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7
Q

Which ligament is most commonly damaged by excessive inversion of the foot?

A

Calconeofibular ligament

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8
Q

The tendons of the ankle extensor muscles pass underneath the…?

A

Extensor reticulum (superior and inferior)

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9
Q

Which flexor muscles are most superficial?

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

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10
Q

The peroneus longus and brevis muscles are important for what movement?

A

Eversion

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11
Q

Which muscles are involved in inversion of the foot?

A
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitroum longus
Tibialis anterior 
Extensir jhalkicus longus
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12
Q

Which muscles are important for plantar flexion of the foot?

A
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitroum longus
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13
Q

Which muscles are important for extension of the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicus longus
Extensor digitorum longus

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14
Q

Which muscles of the leg are particularly important in gait and venous return?

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

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15
Q

On a medial view of the leg, what is the order of tendons from anterior to posterior?

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitrorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

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16
Q

What is the order of tendon insertions from medial to lateral of the extensor muscles of the foot?

A

Tibialis amterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus

17
Q

The peroneus longus muscle crosses the foot plant to insert in the first metatarsal whereas the peronus brevis insers on the fifth metatarsal. T/F?

18
Q

What is the normal alignment of the hindfoot and how does this change when standing on tip toes?

A

5-7 degrees valgus

On tip toes this alignment swings into varus

19
Q

What is the name for flat foot?

A

Pes planus

20
Q

What is the name for a high foot arch?

21
Q

The tip toes test looks at the normal swing from valgus to varus when standing on tip toes. What abnormality of the foot arch would indicate this test?

A

Pes planus

22
Q

What is the coleman block test?

A

The patient stands on a block with their hallux over the edge. If the hindfoot corrects from varus to valgus then the deformity is correctable and forefoot driven.

23
Q

What result would secondary OA of the subtalar joint give on the coleman block test?

A

Negative result

24
Q

What deformity of the foot arch would indicate the coleman block test?

25
What is the silverskold test?
Ankle dorsiflexion is tested with the leg straigh and then with the knee flexed. If the movement improves with knee flexion then a tight gastrocnemius muscle is present
26
What neuromuscular disorder commonly give a positive silverskold test?
Cerebral palsy
27
Where can the sub talar joint be palpated?
Just inferior to the top of the lateral malleolus
28
What is the normal range of dorsiflexion?
20-30 degrees
29
What is the normal range of plantarflexion?
45-50 degrees
30
What can limit dorsiflexion of the ankle?
Anterior bony osteophytes Tight tendon achilles OA ankle
31
What is the normal range of movement for inversion and eversion of the ankle?
Inversion 20 degrees | Eversion 10 degrees
32
The ankle should be in maximal plantarflexion when testing inversion and eversion. T/F?
False it should be in maximum dorsiflexion
33
What is the alternative name for the condyles of the tibia?
Tibial plateaus