The Keyword Collection Flashcards
What is a Genome?
The complete set of genetic information in an organism
What is a Gamete?
Haploid sex cells, containing half the number of chromosomes as the rest of cells in an organism.
What is a Chromosome?
Thread-like structures, containing genes.
What is a Gene?
A segment of a DNA molecule that codes for the synthesis of a single polypeptide.
What is an Allele?
An alternative form of a gene that occurs at the same locus on homologous chromosomes
What is a Dominant Gene?
A gene that appears when only one member of a pair is present.
What is a Recessive Gene?
A gene that only expresses if the genes are homozygous, e.g. le le genes.
What is a Phenotype?
The observable characteristics of an organism.
What does Heterozygous mean?
when allelic genes are different, e.g. Kk genotype.
What does Homozygous mean?
When allelic genes are identical, e.g. kk genotype.
What is mutation?
When the genetic makeup of a cell or gene is corrupted or changed.
What is the cell cycle?
The series of events that take place within a cell that results in it becoming two daughter cells.
What is Mitosis?
Cell divison that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells.
What is transcription?
The snythesis of RNA from DNA
What is translation?
The translation of a nucleotide sequence code to an amino acid sequence code.
