CH9 transport in plants test questions Flashcards

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1
Q

How are nutrients transported around the plant?

A

Phloem

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2
Q

What is an example of a sink in a plant?

A

Meristem

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the Casparian Strip

A

To force water from the cell wall into the cytoplasm

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4
Q

What is an example of something that contributes to the movement of water up the stem of a plant

A

Root pressure

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5
Q

In an experiment on translocation, swelling ocurred above the ring used to hold the stem in place - what substance caused this swelling?

A

Sucrose

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6
Q

How do plants control water loss from leaves?

A

Close the stomata

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7
Q

What are the steps of the transpiration stream?

A
  • Water evaporates from mesophyll into air space in leaf (Water has to leave for water to come in)
  • Water moves down a concentration gradient out of the leaf
  • Water potential of cell is lowered and watermoves into it via osmosis
  • Water moves out of the xylem via osmosis
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8
Q

How does water move from the root to the xylem?

A

Down a water potential gradient.

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9
Q

What is an adaptation of pine trees to reduce water loss?

A

Narrow leaves with a thick waxy coating - pines

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10
Q

What is a plant adapted to live in standing water called?

A

Hydrophyte

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11
Q

What is the part of a plant used to transport sucrose called?

A

Phloem

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12
Q

What is the pathway of water that moves through the cell wall and not the cytoplasm called?

A

Apoplast pathway

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13
Q

What is a plant that possesses transport tissues called?

A

vascular plant

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14
Q

What is an apparatus to measure water uptake in a plant called?

A

Potometer

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15
Q

What is the difference between transpiration and translocation?

A
  • Transpiration is the movement of water from the root to the stomata on the leaf, via the xylem, using cohesion-tension theory.
  • Translocation is the movement of assimilates (dissolved sucrose/amino acids) from the source to the sink (e.g. sucrose from leaf to the root), along a concentration gradient.
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16
Q

What is the difference in distribution of xylem in a root versus a stem?

A
  • Xylem in root forms an ‘x’ in the centre of the root, with a border of xylem. Xylem tightly packed together.
  • Xylem in stem form individual vascular bundles which are arranged around the border of the stem. In one vascular bundle, there are xylem facing inwards, and phloem facing outwards, and therefore xylem are dispersed.
17
Q

What is the significance in hydrogen bonding in water for transport of water in xylem.

A
  • Polar hydrogen bonds means that each water molecule has a small positive and negative charge
  • The slightly negative oxygen and the slightly positive hydrogen will attract one another
  • this allows for cohesion between water molecules, and also allows for adhesion to the xylem walls, which allows for the cohesion-tension theory and also allows for capillary action.
18
Q

In a vascular bundle, does the xylem or phloem face the palisade mesophyll tissue? (top of the leaf)

A

xylem faces upwards, phloem faces downwards

19
Q

What are functions of a vascular bundle?

A
  • Transporting nutrients, vitamins and assimilates around the plant, for example water from root cells to leaf cells.
  • Provides mechanical support to leaf
  • Uses cambium to seperate the phloem and the xylem.
20
Q

Describe the different pathways of water

A
  • Symplast pathway - travels via cytoplasm of cells, which are bound together by the plasmodesmata which allows water to travel from cytoplasm to cytoplasm
  • Apoplast pathway - water travels in the gaps in the cell wall, uses simple diffusion to travel.
21
Q

What are the functions of the companion cell and sieve-tube cell?

A
  • Phloem sieve-tube cell - Hollow, thick walls, functional for the transport of assimilates and nutrients.
  • Companion Cell - Eukaryotic plant cell, facilitates the loading of sieve tubes with assimilates. Connected to sieve-tube cells via plasmodesmata.
22
Q

Why should seedlings when being transported to new soil in a bigger pot should be moved in the evening?

A
  • You would cut off transpiration stream if moved during the day, due to the intake of water being interrupted, which means that the plant would lose a lot of vital water, therefore meaning it would wilt.
  • If you move the plant in the evening, it still has the entire night to settle in to it’s new surroundings before being exposed to the full heat of the day. Stomata are closed at night, so there is no water loss or intake, making it the perfect settling in time.