Chapter 11 - Biodiversity

Question 1

What is biodiversity ?

Answer 1

The variety of living organisms in an area

Question 2

What are some habitat examples

Answer 2

• treetops
• oceans
• sand dunes

Question 3

What are the two way in which diversity in a habitat is measured?

Answer 3

Species richness, and species evenness

Question 4

What does species richness mean?

Answer 4

The number of different species living in an area

Question 5

What does species evenness mean?

Answer 5

The comparison of populations of different species living in an area

Question 6

What does genetic biodiversity mean?

Answer 6

The number of different polymorphic alleles per gene locus

Question 7

What does a high value in Simpsons diversity index tell you about a habitat?

Answer 7

There is a high diversity of organisms and the population should be very resistant to change

Question 8

WhT are the three levels at which biodiversity can be considered?

Answer 8

• habitat
• species
• genetic

Question 9

What is systematic sampling?

Answer 9

Sampling carried out at regular intervals

Question 10

What is stratified sampling?

Answer 10

When the sampling is proportional to the size of each population which is determined beforehand

Question 11

How would you calculate genetic biodiversity?

Answer 11

Number of polymorphic gene Loci / total number of gene loci

Question 12

What is an SSSI?

Answer 12

Site of special scientific interest

Question 13

What is ex situ conservation as opposed to in situ conservation ?

Answer 13

• ex situ conservation is maintaining a population outside its natural habitat
• in situ conservation is maintaining a population inside it’s natural habitat

Question 14

When a species is extinct, what has happened to it?

Answer 14

Loss of all the members of its species

Question 15

What does extinct in the wild mean ?

Answer 15

Loss of all members of a population in the wild, but surviving members are kept in captivity for safety.

Question 16

What does endangered mean ?

Answer 16

When only a very limited number of the population is left alive

Question 17

What does vulnerable mean?

Answer 17

A species that is susceptible to endangerment is vulnerable

Question 18

What it CITES ?

Answer 18

conservation on international trade of endangered species

Question 19

What is CBD?

Answer 19

the convention on biological diversity

Question 20

List three factors that affect biodiversity?

Answer 20

• Climate change
• Human Activity
• Agriculture

Question 21

Give three reasons why habitats and biodiversity should be maintained and preserved?

Answer 21

• Economic
• Aesthetic
• Ecological

Question 22

Give five examples of In Situ conservation

Answer 22

• national park
• marine reserve
• nature reserve
• protected woodland
• SSSI

Question 23

Give three examples of Ex Situ conservation

Answer 23

• Botanical Gardens
• Seed bank
• Zoo w/ captive breeding programme

Question 24

What is CITES ?

Answer 24

Convention of international trade of endangered species.

Question 25

What is CBD?

Answer 25

Rio convention on biological diversity | - promote sustainable development

Question 26

What is a keystone species?

Answer 26

Species of organisms that play a key role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community.

Question 27

Why has the human population exploded?

Answer 27

- Medicine improvement - better hygiene - better housing - more accessibility to balanced diet

Question 28

Why is the growing human population bad?

Answer 28

- deforestation - more resources needed - more deforestation - CO2 levels increase - less trees, more humans - Increasing energy usage - Reduced biodiversity

Question 29

What is Deforestation?

Answer 29

The permanent removal of large areas of trees to make room for something other than forest.

Question 30

What are the causes of deforestation?

Answer 30

- Acid rain - lack of photosynthesis + pH of soil is bad - cut down for crops - cut down for houses/estates/parking lot - forest fires - lightning / drought.

Question 31

What is the impact of agriculture on the land?

Answer 31

- Deforestation creates monocultures of crops - low biodiversity. - Selective breeding - reduces genetic biodiversity. - Chemicals - pesticides + herbicides reduces diversity of organisms. - Chemical Bioaccumulation - kills tertiary consumers/ animals high in food chain - decreases diversity.