The injured child Flashcards

1
Q

Which gender is most likely to die from injury?

A

Boys 3x more likely to die from injury than girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of trauma is more common?

A

Blunt trauma > penetrating trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What injuries do children sustain?

A
Fractures
Wounds 
Burns and scalds
Head injury 
Drowning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Associations with injury in children

A

cold
alcohol
drugs
hypoglycaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why do children injure differently?

A
Different anatomical features
Different physiological and psychological responses to injury 
Different spectrum of injury patterns 
Size
Skeleton 
Inside the body 
Metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Size affecting injuries in children

A
Smaller target
- greater amount of energy is absorbed for the same force of impact 
Larger surface area:volume ratio 
- heat loss significant in children
Relatively large head
- easily injured 
Smaller mass
- drug doses and fluid requirements differ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Features of the childs skeleton

A
Incompletely calcified 
- soft
- springy 
- deforms rather than breaks 
- poor at absorbing energy 
Provides less protection for vital organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Features of inside a childs body in respect to injury

A

Less elastic connective tissue
- shearing and degloving
Crowding of poorly protected vital organs
- liver, spleen, bladder are all intraabdomainl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thermoregulation in children in injuries

A

Little brown fat and immature shivering
Pokilothermic
Environmental considerations e.g RTCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypoglycaemia in children with injuries

A

Little glycogen stored in liver
Exacerbated by hypothermia and vice versa
Develops quickly in sick children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Injury patterns - SCIWORA

A
Spinal 
Cord
Injury 
Without
Radiological 
Abnormality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why can communication difficulties be present in a child with an injury?

A

Too young or afraid to describe symptoms
Have to rely on non verbal cues
Good rapport essential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does fear affect?

A

Vital signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Long term effects of injury on children

A

Psychological recovery

Effects on normal growth and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Respiratory failure features

A
Resp obstruction 
- birth asphyxia
- croup 
- epiglottitis
- foreign body inhalation 
- bronchiolitis
- asthma
- pneumothorax
Resp depression 
- poisoning
- convulsions
- Raised ICP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes of Raised ICP

A

head injury
Acute encephalopathy
- meningitis / encephalitis

17
Q

Life threatning traumas

A

Respiratory failure

Circulatory failure

18
Q

Features of circulatory failure

A
Fluid loss
- gastroenteritis
- burns 
- trauma 
Fluid maldistribution 
- sepsis
- anaphylaxis 
- heart failure
19
Q

When is the first peak of deaths?

A

Die instantaneously
Die at the scene
Un survivable major vessel and brain injury

20
Q

What is the only treatment?

A

Prevention

21
Q

What is the second peak of deaths?

A

Die from significant ABCD problems unless adequately resuscitated

  • platinum ten minutes
  • golden hour
22
Q

What is the aim of trauma resuscitation?

A

To restore normal tissue oxygenation as quickly as possible

23
Q

What is done to treat trauma

A
cABCDE
primary survery and resus
2ndry survery 
emergency treatment 
definitive care
reassessment
24
Q

Primary survey of cABCDE

A
catastrophic haemorrhage control 
Airway with C spine - remember O2
Breathing with ventilation 
Circulation with haemorrhage control 
Disability 
Exposure/Environment 
Dont ever forget glucose
25
Major risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome
``` Prone sleeping Parental smoking Bed sharing Hyperthermia and head covering Prematurity ```
26
What is the most significant factor in the cause of SIDS?
Co sleeping
27
The most common causes of arrest in children are what?
Respiratory
28
Protective factors of sudden infant death syndrome
Breastfeeding Room sharing Use of dummies
29
What is the triad for shaken baby syndrome?
Retinal haemorrhages Subdural haematoma Encephalopathy
30
Why at the start of paed CPR do you start with 5 rescue breaths?
A child is more likely to have collapsed due to respiratory causes
31
Where is the best places to check for a pulse in a child under 1 y/o?
Brachial | Femoral
32
Where is the best places to check for a pulse in a child > 1 y/o?
Femoral | Carotids