Children are not Small Adults - Physiological Differences

Question 1

Physiological differences of children vs adults

Answer 1

Surface area : volume
% water content 
Metabolic reserves 
So 
- they (more) easily get
cold
dehydrated
hypoglycaemic

Faster pulse
Faster resp rate
Lower blood pressure maintained until very shocked

Question 2

Who gets ketotic hypoglycaemia?

Answer 2

1 - 2 y / o
Skinny
Intercurrent illness

Question 3

When does a ketotic hypoglycaemic episode occur?

Answer 3

6-7am hypoglycaemic episode

Question 4

What do you need to have before you become immune?

Answer 4

The infection

Question 5

Stages of psychological differences of children

Answer 5

Terrible twos 
Latent phase ( 6 y/o - puberty)
Adolescent phase

Question 6

What conditions are seen in children but not adults?

Answer 6

Abdominal migraine 
Bronchiolitis
BPD
Croup 
Febrile convulsion 
Enuresis 
Glue ear
IVH
NEC
NAI
Sudden undexplained death of infants 
Toddler's diarrhoea 
Vesico-ureteric reflux
viral induced wheeze

Question 7

Chronic conditions with childhood onset

Answer 7

Asthma (COPD)
Autism 
CP
CF
Gastroschisis 
Hirschsprungs disease
Spina bifida

Question 8

Reasons for reduced mortality in children

Answer 8

Obstetric care
better housing
Better nutrition
Immunisations

Question 9

What are referrals to a childrens hospital are usually for?

Answer 9

Respiratory

Question 10

What age group typically has acute admissions to hospital?

Answer 10

<2s

Question 11

Is there such a thing as routine bloods in children?

Answer 11

NO