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HMS Anatomy > The Infraperitoneum > Flashcards

The Infraperitoneum Flashcards

1
Q

Female pelvic floor cartoon

A
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2
Q

Pelvic bones and ligaments

A
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3
Q

During early sexual arousal, relaxation of smooth muscle in blood vessels leading to the penis induces erection. This muscle relaxation is mediated by the innervation by the. . .

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

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4
Q

Muscles of the pelvic floor

A
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5
Q

The pelvic diamond

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6
Q

Sacral plexus

A
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7
Q

The most important pelvic floor landmark

A

The ischial spine

The ischial spine makes it possible to tell where the bones are when you are inside the peritoneum looking down. The Levator ani muscle drapes over it, making it stick out.

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8
Q

Male accessory sex glands

A
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9
Q

The primary muscular support of the pelvic floor is the

A

Levator ani

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Risk factors of pelvic floor insufficiency

A
  • Female anatomical sex
  • Age
  • Obesity
  • Multiple deliveries
  • Heavy lifting
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12
Q

Muscles of the pelvic floor

A

Levator ani muscle and coccygeus muscle

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13
Q

Broad ligament

A

Double layer of peritoneum draping down from the fallopian tubes.

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14
Q

Sensory impulses from the skin of the urogenital triangle are conveyed in the. . .

A

Branches of the pudendal nerve

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15
Q

Anterior pelvic floor (muscles and female hiatuses)

A
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16
Q

Sagitally sliced cartoon male genitalia

A
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17
Q

Fallopian tubes are ___ at the fimbriae.

A

Fallopian tubes are OPEN ENDED at the fimbriae.

This is open to the peritoneal cavity. It is not firmly attached to the ovary. This is an important difference between female and male anatomy.

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18
Q

Ligaments of the boney pelvis

A
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19
Q

Infraperitoneum

A

Inferior to the peritoneum, superior to the pelvic floor

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20
Q

Male vs Female genitalia development

A
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21
Q

Uterus cartoon

A
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22
Q

Muscle underlying female genitalia

A
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23
Q

Most bacteria that try to ascend into the uterine cavity are blocked by. . .

A

. . .the acidic (pH~3.5) environment of the vaginal canal. The cilia along the fallopian tube also create a drawing effect down to the uterus, making it difficult for bacteria that make it into the uterus to progress up the tubes to the peritoneum.

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24
Q

Hysterectomy

A

removal of uterus

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25
Q

Imporant aspects of female vs male reproductive organ anatomy

A
26
Q

___ covers the roof of the bladder

A

Parietal peritoneum covers the roof of the bladder

27
Q

___ is an important structure for communicating the neurovascular supply from the inside to the outside of the pelvis

A

Obturator canal is an important structure for communicating the neurovascular supply from the inside to the outside of the pelvis

28
Q

What determines whether male structures develop?

A

Testosterone-mediated SRY expression determines the development of male structures.

29
Q

What anatomical sex does this pelvis belong to?

A

Female

30
Q

Subdivisions of broad ligament

A
31
Q

Perineal body

A

The space between the anus and the vaginal cavity on surface anatomy of the perineum in females. Place where many muscles insert.

32
Q

puborectalis sling

A

Part of the levator ani muscle. Comes from posterior surface of pubic bone and brings a sling around the rectum. Pulls the rectum torwards the pubic bone, putting an angle between the vaginal and anal canal.

33
Q

Erectile bodies and repoductive muscles in men

A
34
Q

Boney architecture of pelvic floor

A
35
Q

The ____ in combination with the ____ and the ____ comprise the pelvic inlet

A

The arcuate line in combination with the pectineal line and the sacral promontory comprise the pelvic inlet

36
Q

Muscle that form the pelvic sidewalls

A

Obturator internus muscle and piriformis muscle

37
Q

Properties of female pelvis that make it possible to give birth

A

Sacrum tilted back, Ilia spread wider to create a wider opening, more obtuse angle of inferior bones.

All of these contribute to making a wider, more open space through which a child could pass during parturition.

38
Q

Uterine descent and prolapse

A
39
Q

Halves of the pelvic diamond

A

The urogenital triangle (anterior)

The anal triangle (posterior)

40
Q

Erectile tissue

A

“spongey” connective tissue with venous sinuses held together by dense connective tissue “tunica albuginea,” deep arteries and draining veins

41
Q

What muscle contracts during micturition?

A

Detrusor muscle of the bladder

42
Q

Boundaries of ischioanal fossa

A
43
Q

Area covered by the perineal membrane

A
44
Q

The genital tubercle

A

Develops prior to SRY expression and represents the common, convergent structure of male and female sex organs in developmental biology.

45
Q

Female infraperitoneal anatomy

A
46
Q

Reproductive organ development

A
47
Q

Pudendal nerve and artery

A
48
Q

What anatomical sex does this pelvis belong to?

A

Male

49
Q

Motor innervation to the muscular bladder is controlled by. . .

A

The pelvic sphlanchic nerves

50
Q

Nerves of the pelvis

A
51
Q

Lower lumbar nerves (diagram)

A
52
Q

The obturator internus exits the pelvis via. . .

A

. . . lesser sciatic foramen to attach to the femur.

53
Q

The piriformis muscle exits the pelvis via. . .

A

. . . the greater sciatic foramen to attach to the femur.

54
Q

The illiacus muscle. . .

A

. . . hugs the walls of the illium and passes, with the psoas, deep to the inguinal ligament, anterior to the pelvis to exit the pelvic cavity.

55
Q

For the relative positions of the aorta and vena cava:

A

Right, return (VC)

Left, leave (Aorta)

56
Q

Greater sphlanchic nerve

A

Brings down T5 to T9 to synapse on the celiac ganglia

57
Q

Lesser sphlanchic nerve

A

brings down T10 and T11 to synapse on the superior mesenteric ganglion

58
Q

The least sphlanchic nerve

A

Brings down T12 to synapse on the inferior mesenteric ganglion

59
Q

Pudendal vs pelvic sphlanchic nerves

A

Both contain S2, S3, and S4 branches.

Pelvic sphlanchic is parasympathetic autonomic nerves, while the pudendal nerve is somatic nerves.

60
Q

Alcock’s canal

A

Lies in the obturator internus fascia on the lateral wall of the ischioanal fossa. Contains branches of the pudendal nerve and the internal pudendal artery and vein.

61
Q

Pelvic sphlanchic vs Sacral sphlanchic nerves

A

Pelvic sphlanchic = parasympathetic = “point” (erection)

Sacral sphlanchic = sympathetic = “shoot” (ejaculation)

They merge to form the cavernous nerves, which contain branches of both.

HMS Anatomy (15 decks)

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