Musculoskeletal System I

Question 1

Muscles assisting in inhalation

Answer 1

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

External intercostals

Sternocleidomastoid

Serratus anterior

Serratus posterior superior

Question 2

Muscle assisting in exhalation

Answer 2

Internal intercostal muscles

Serratus posterior inferior

External oblique

Internal oblique

Rectus abdominus

Transversus abdominus

Question 3

Superficial back muscle

Answer 3

Latissimus dorsi

Question 4

~3 cm inferior to the umbilicus, the ___ disappears.

Answer 4

~3 cm inferior to the umbilicus, the posterior rectus sheath disappears.

This leaves only transversalis fascia and peritoneum between the rectus abdominus muscles and the peritoneal cavity. This allows the inferior epigastric arterial and venus system to anastomose with the external iliac system as it extends from the pelvis to the femoral canal posterior to the inguinal ligament.

Question 5

The superior epigastric artery and vein become the inferior epigastric artery and vein once they pass the. . .

Answer 5

. . . umbilicus.

Question 6

The internal thoracic vascular system gives rise to. . .

Answer 6

The intercostal vascular supplies

The superior epigastric vessels

Question 7

Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles

Answer 7

Question 8

The sciatic nerve exits the pelvis via. . .

Answer 8

the greater sciatic foramen

Question 9

The femoral nerve exits the pelvis via. . .

Answer 9

the space between the superior ramus of the ischium and the inguinal ligament.

Question 10

The obturator nerve exits the pelvis via. . .

Answer 10

the obturator foramen, after it passes along the ilium and through the ischioanal fossa.

Question 11

Nerves and vascular supply in the shoulder exits the axial skeleton via. . .

Answer 11

the space superior to the 1st rib and inferior to the clavicle.

Question 12

The trapezius muscle

Answer 12

Posterior and superior in the back. Innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve XI), which lies just deep to it.

Enables the “shrug” as well as scapular retraction and depression (rolling your shoulders back)

Question 13

The latissimus dorsi assists in ___ of the shoulder joint.

Answer 13

Lateral rotation and upper limb extension

Lateral rotation: ie, putting hands out infront of you as if to hold a tray, then rotating shoulders until arms are lateral.

Upper limb extension: ie, rotating arms back as if to hold a tray directly behind you.

Question 14

Rhomboideous major and minor

Answer 14

Lie just deep to the trapezius.

Question 15

When you take a step with your right leg, . . .

Answer 15

your contralateral (left) back intrinsic muscles (of the spine) fire in order to hold the thorax upright.

Question 16

The ___ and ___ segments of the spine are in a lordotic posture.

Answer 16

The cervical and lumbar segments of the spine are in a lordotic posture.

Question 17

The thoracic vertebrae are in a ___ posture.

Answer 17

The thoracic vertebrae are in a kyphotic posture.

Question 18

The first cervical vertebra

Answer 18

The atlas

A ring that rotates about the second vertebra, the axis

Question 19

Facet joints

Answer 19

Where the cervical spine meets the thoracic spine, as well as between the lumbar vertebrae.

Question 20

conus medularis

Answer 20

The end of the spinal cord, where the cauda equina hangs down from.