Circulatory System Flashcards
Major capillary beds of the circulatory system
Arteries are valveless with the exception of. . .
The aortic valve
Stenosis
Narrowing
Arteries running under the clavicles are. . .
the subclavian arteries
The artery running from under the clavicle and through the shoulder is the
axillary artery
The artery supplying the brachium is the
brachial artery
In the antebrachium, the brachial artery splits into the. . .
radial and ulnar arteries.
Collateral vessels
Encircle and supply joints
Two circuits of the circulatory system
Pulmonary and systemic
Arterioles are capable of. . .
dilation and constriction.
They control the supply to capillaries via controling their own diameters and via precapillary sphincters.
Capacitance
Ability of the circulatory system to hold a large supply of blood.
Where there’s an artery. . .
there’s a vein.
This holds true with the exception of the outermost layers of the integument.
Most notable exceptions to vein/artery naming convention
Jugular vein and Carotid artery
Comparaed to arteries, veins have. . .
less smooth muscle and a larger lumen
Heart diagram
The menubrium is located. . .
Inferior to the sternal notch
The aorta may be divided into sections by. . .
Imaging a line between the sternal angle (where the sternal notch meets the sternal body) and T4-T5 intervertebral space.
The ascending aorta
Most proximal region to the heart. Contains the aortic valve, the only valve in the arterial system. Gives rise to the left and right coronary arteries, which supply blood to the myocardial muscle.
The aortic arch
Located just above the sternal angle in what is referred to as the superior mediastinum.
Gives rise first to the right brachiocephalic artery (arm-head), then to the common corotid, then to the left subclavian artery.
Descending thoracic aorta
Portion of the aorta past the aortic arch and beneath the superior mediastinum, on the left side of the spine.
Gives rise to the bronchial arteries (left/right) of the lungs and the intercostal arteries (which run between the ribs) and the diaphragm by superior phrenic arteries (left/right).
The abdominal aorta
Gives rise to paired and unpaired vessels of many organs.
Branches first to the diaphragm and adrenal glands, then provides unpaired vessels to the foregut GI tract, then unpaired to the spleen, then an unpaired superior mesenteric artery which supplies the midgut GI system, and paired renal arteries to the kidneys and adrenals.
Paired gonadal arteries supply the ovaries or testes. The final unpaired artery supplies the hindgut GI.
At every vertebral segment, the abdominal aorta provides paired lumbar arteries to the back.
Aorta diagram
Role of the lymph
Right lymphatic duct
Channels to the base of the right internal jugular vein joining the right subclavian vein to form the right brachiocephalic vein
