The Infection Model

Question 1

draw the infection model

Answer 1

Question 2

The infection model: pathogen

Answer 2

4 major groups

• virus
• bacterium
• fungus
  
  • yeast
  • mould
• parasite
  
  • protozoa
  • helminth

Question 3

name 7 mechanisms of infection

Answer 3

• Contiguous (direct) spread
• Inoculation- into the skin
• Haematogenous- carried by the blood
• Ingestion
• Inhalation
• Vector
• Vertical transmission (mother to child)

Question 4

patient related factors

Answer 4

the person

the time

the place

Question 5

person related factors

Question 6

patient gender

Answer 6

Different anatomy

• Women- e.g. UTIs e.g. pregnancy
• In men UTI would be abnormal (Structure and function)

Question 7

patient physiological state

Answer 7

• e.g. diabetics can fuel infections so let the infection progress- amputation

Question 8

patient social factors

Answer 8

e.g. smoking, drug injecting, tattoos e.g. Hep b

Question 9

patient and time

Answer 9

calender time

relative time

Question 10

calender time

Answer 10

colds and flu

Question 11

relative time

Answer 11

incubation period

Question 12

patient and place

Answer 12

• Where have you been and when were you there (have you ever been abroad)
• Some pathogens only found in some parts of the world

Question 14

outline infection

Answer 14

1. Pathogen atatches to specific receptor found on the outside of human cells
2. toxin production and interaction with host defences –> inflammation
3. host damage

Question 15

example of host defence which causes inflammation

Answer 15

respiratory burst

Question 16

management of infection is based around

Answer 16

history (diagnosis)

examination (diagnosis)

investigation (diagnosis)

treatment (specific and supportive)

infection prevention (hospital and community)

Question 18

what is used for diagnosis

Answer 18

history

examination

investigation

Question 19

treatment

Answer 19

specific and supportive

Question 20

infection prevention

Answer 20

hospital and community

Question 22

outcome of infection

Answer 22

cure —-> death

• +/- chronic infection
• +/- disability

Question 23

some diseases can be

Question 24

specific treatment

Answer 24

antimicrobials

surgery

• drainage
• debridement
• dead space removal

Question 25

supportive treatment

Answer 25

symptom relief e.g. paracetamol

physiological resotration

Question 26

debridement

Answer 26

• removal of dead or dying tissue (serve as nutrients for bacteria)

Question 27

Dead space removal

Answer 27

space that results from removal of tissue needs to be closed to prevent filling with blood or other fluids

Question 28

infection prevention aims to

Answer 28

prevent infection tranmission to :

• other patients
• staff
• other contacts