The Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Why did the textile industry take off?
Population boom led to higher demand for clothing
Why did it start in Britain?(5)
- Abundance of coal
- large amounts of steel for inventing new machines
- high demand for workers
- stable government with strong navy to protect overseas trade
- upperclass looked down upon businessmen, but they didn’t reject the wealth they produced
Labor union
Workers organization
Who invented the steam engine?
When?
Thomas Newcomen (1712) technically invented it, but James Watt (1769)improved the design
What was Adam Smiths view on the economy?
He supported a hands off approach where the government has little to no involvement in business operations (laissez faire). He also supported the free market
Utilitarianism
Idea that the GOAL of society should be to bring about the GREATEST HAPPINESS for the GREATEST NUMBER OF PEOPLE
Negatives of the Industrial Revolution
-created social issues such as unemployment and poor living conditions
Turnpike
Privately built railroad that charges a fee for travelers to use it
Why did the population shoot up right before the Industrial Revolution?
Declining death rates
-better food, hygiene, health, and medical care led to less deaths
What was a major energy source?
Coal
Enclosure
The process of taking over and fencing off public lands
Who invented the spinning jenny?
When?
James Hargreaves
1764
How did the Agricultural Revolution lead to the Industrial Revolution?
The improved methods of farming and enclosuring led to less need for workers. Workers migrated to cities to find work.
Capital
Money or wealth
The Factory System (4)
- shifts lasted 12-16 hours
- workers lost limbs and were exposed to other dangers(like coal dust)
- women- employers preferred over men because they were easier to manage and could be payed less (negative effect on family life)
- employers hired children to fit in narrow spaces
Who supported Communism?
Karl Marx
Urbanization
Movement of people from rural areas to cities
Socialism
System in which the people as a WHOLE rather than PRIVATE individuals OWN ALL PROPERTY and operate all business
Positives of the Industrial Revolution (4)
- New laws passed to improve working conditions
- labor unions emerge
- mass production of goods
- new jobs created
Who invented the telegram?
When?
Samuel Morse
1838
Tenement
Multistory building divided into crowded apartments
Communism
Form of SOCIALISM in which class struggle would lead to the creation of class-less society in which ALL WEALTH OWNED BY SOCIETY as a whole -scientific socialism
What were Malthus’ views on population?
- The population would continue to grow and we would run out of food and resources to support it.
- war, diseas, and famine were necessary in the world to keep the population in check
Proletariat
The working class
